Koron (music)

The koron (Persian: کرن), meaning "less than lower in pitch", is a symbol used in traditional Persian music in order to lower or "flatten" a written note by an interval smaller than a semitone (broadly corresponding to a quarter tone, or specifically a half flat). It is used to alter the pitch of a written note, similar to that of a sharp or a flat.[1] It is written as a line with an open triangular head at the top-right. The koron symbol is positioned in the same manner as other accidentals in Western music, and can even be used in key signatures (see example below).

Notes for the white string on a 25-fret Setar, tuned to C. Instrument has both koron and sori notes.

In the early 20th century, Iranian master musician Alinaghi Vaziri established the standard usage of this symbol in written music.[2] It is used[2] for notating many of the microtones found in traditional Persian music.[2] A note so altered can be labeled as the note's letter, followed by "koron" (e.g., "B koron", "D koron", etc.). Character representation of this accidental symbol together with Sori[3] (encoded as U+1D1E9 and U+1D1EA, respectively) microtones used in modern Iranian classical music were added to the Unicode standard[4] in Version 14.0.0.[5]

  • Koron in music notation
    Koron in music notation

See also

References
  1. Farhat, Hormoz (2004). The Dastgah Concept in Persian Music. Cambridge University Press. p. 26. ISBN 0-521-54206-5.
  2. Pirnazar, Maryam (16 July 2013). "Reza Vali: An Iranian Composer to Watch and - of course - to Hear". payvand.com. Payvand. For transcription of the micro-tones, I use the standard notation of the micro-tones, the Sori and the Koron, which were developed during early 20th century by the Persian master Alinaghi Vaziri.
  3. Pournader, Roozbeh (23 April 2020). "Proposal to encode two accidentals for Iranian classical music" (PDF). unicode.org. Unicode Consortium.
  4. "The Unicode® Standard Version 14.0 – Core Specification" (PDF). unicode.org. Unicode Consortium. September 2021.
  5. "Musical Symbols - Range: 1D100–1D1FF" (PDF). unicode.org. Unicode Consortium. 2021.
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