Košice Program

The Košice Program, or Košice Government Program (Czech: Košický vládní program, Slovak: Košický vládny program) was a 1945 agreement between Czechoslovak Communists who had spent the war in the Soviet Union and the Czechoslovak government-in-exile, which had been based in London. They met in the city of Košice, which had already been liberated by the Red Army. The program outlined the postwar political settlement, the National Front under which all political parties would operate, and promised the expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia. The program was the basis of both the Third Czechoslovak Republic and, following the 1948 coup, the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic.[1][2]

The program document was approved on 5 April 1945. It set out the principles of future policy and was referred to as the "program of national and democratic revolution". It shifted the orientation of Czechoslovakia further towards the USSR and "legally" anchored dependence on the USSR. It declared claims about the collective guilt of right-wing parties and the German and Hungarian populations for the breakup of Czechoslovakia and for cooperation with the Nazi regime. The draft text was prepared by the Czechoslovak Communist Party (KSČ).[3][4][5][6]

Preparation

In the final stages of World War II, negotiations were held between President Edvard Beneš and the Moscow leadership of the Communist Party, led by Klement Gottwald, about forming a postwar government. As a result a government of the National Front of Czechs and Slovaks was established on 4 April 1945 with the Social Democratic Party chairman Zdeněk Fierlinger[7] as the prime minister. Officially, it was reported that the government approved the so-called Košice government program after arriving in Košice on 5 April 1945. In fact, the government program was signed on March 29 in Moscow.[8] The parties of the London exile arrived at the Moscow meeting insufficiently prepared.[7] Besides the Communists, only the Social Democrats submitted a proposal, which was rejected by Fierlinger (a fellow traveler of Communism who supported the coup).

Structure

The program consisted of 16 chapters dealing with various issues of social, political, and economic life, and of the international status of the liberated Czechoslovakia.

The main features of the program are:

References
  1. "The Košice Government Programme | ICV". icv.vlada.cz. Retrieved 9 September 2019.
  2. McEnchroe, Tom (5 April 2019). "The Košice manifesto – the 1945 document that sealed Czechoslovakia's eastern orientation". Radio Prague. Retrieved 9 September 2019.
  3. "O příčinách vítězství komunistů v únoru 1948: TOTALITA". www.totalita.cz. Retrieved 12 September 2019.
  4. "VHU PRAHA". Retrieved 12 September 2019.
  5. "Moderní-Dějiny.cz | Obrazová publikace "Klement Gottwald 1896 - 1953" - Zakladatel lidově demokratického státu". www.moderni-dejiny.cz. Retrieved 12 September 2019.
  6. "dějepis.com". www.dejepis.com. Retrieved 12 September 2019.
  7. "The Košice manifesto – the 1945 document that sealed Czechoslovakia's eastern orientation | Radio Prague". Radio Praha. Retrieved 12 September 2019.
  8. Bartl, Július; Skvarna, Dusan (2002). Slovak History: Chronology & Lexicon. Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers. ISBN 9780865164444.
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