Kenneth Mathiason Skeaping

Kenneth Mathiason Skeaping (13 December 1856 – 16 May 1946) was an English lithographer, portrait painter and illustrator. His three children who survived to adulthood became leading exponents in early music, sculpture, and ballet.

Kenneth Mathiason Skeaping
Born(1856-12-13)13 December 1856
Liverpool, England
Died16 May 1946(1946-05-16) (aged 89)
Cross Road, Tadworth, Surrey
Occupation(s)Lithographer, portrait painter, and illustrator
Spouse
Sarah Ann Rattenbury
​
​
(m. 1895)​
Children4 (including John and Mary)

Biography

Skeaping was born in Liverpool on 13 December 1856 to decorative wood carver Joseph Nairn Skeaping (baptised on 6 August 1829 – 1 January 1902)[1][2][note 1] and Mary Pollock Mathiason (baptised on 24 May 1835 – 14 March 1917) [3][4] Who had married at St. Philip's Church, Liverpool on 10 April 1853.[5]

Skeaping was the second of the couple's nine children,[note 3] and the eldest boy. At least two of his siblings had careers in the arts. His brother John Skeaping (21 May 1859 – 4 May 1940)[9][10] was a figure and landscape painter, and a lithographer.[11]: 462 [note 4] His sister Elizabeth Jane "Lily" Skeaping (14 September 1870 – 31 October 1947 )[9][14] was a figure, landscape, and miniature painter. [note 6]

It is not clear where Skeaping was educated. His family were close knit, and he initially worked with his mother helping her to make wigs from real hair,[note 7] before training as a lithographic artist,[17] which is how he recorded his occupation in the 1881 census. He was still registered to vote at his parents' home at 50 Warren StreetHe travelled to London in the early 1880s and met his future wife there in 1886. He subsequently spent time in Paris adsorbing the art of the impressionists and post-impressionists.[17]

In 1895 he married Sarah Ann Rattenbury (2 January 1867 – second quarter 1960)[9][18],[19] the daughter of the late Thomas Swaine Rattenbury (6 June 1830 – 22 June 1877),[20][21] a grocer and cheeses monger of New Cross.[22][21] and grocer's shopwoman Sarah Rattenbury née Day (c. 1832 – 10 October 1898)[23]. The couple had four children:

  • Kenneth Mathiason Skeaping (22 September 1897 – 14 October 1977),[9][24] a musician and a leader and educator in early music.[note 8]
  • Sally Skeaping (13 August 1899 – 9 January 1916)[26] who died of appendicitis and peritonitis[note 9] at Guy's Hospital, London aged 16, in the presence of her mother.[29] She was buried near her home at Bexleyheath.[30]
  • John Rattenbury Skeaping RA (9 June 1901 – 5 March 1980),[31] the noted sculptor.
  • Mary Emma Skeaping MBE (15 December 1902–9 February 1984).[32] the ballet dancer and producer.

The children had an unusual upbringing, apparently being educated entirely at home until their teens. In an interview in 1968, his son John recalls Skeaping as saying: ". . . two great qualities that children have are imagination and the power of imitation so the only things they should do is develop their imagination by learning music, dancing, painting, sculpture, and so forth an imitation - they can learn languages.[note 11] What is stuffed into children against their will over ten years they can forget in six months. What you learn willingly over that ten years, you never forget."[17]

The eldest child was born in Woodford in Essex in 1897, and their address at the baptism of Sally in December 1899 was Kersal Villa, Malmsbury Road, South Woodford, Essex. They were still there in 1905, but by the time of the 1911 census they were living at Cliftonville, Warren Road, Bexleyheath, London, and were still there in 1918. by 1929 the electoral register shows the family[note 12] had moved to 2 Eton College Road, in Camden, London. They were still there ten years later at the time of the 1939 Register in September of that year, and in the street directory for 1840. Skeaping had moved to Corners, Cross Road, Tadworth in Surrey by 1945, and was said to have lived there for several years when he died in 1946.

Skeaping died on 16 May 1946.[34] He was 89 years old. His wife survived him by fourteen years, dying at the age of 93.[18]

Work

Painting

The first sale recorded for Skeaping was at the Autumn Exhibition of the Manchester City Art Gallery in 1886 where he sold Reciting the Charge of the Light Brigade for two guineas (£2 2s.).[35] Skeaping exhibited 34 works at the Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool, and two works at the Manchester City Art Gallery.[11] He showed Home Industry at the 1892 Isle of Man International Exhibition.[36] In 1908 he was commissioned to paint a portrait of Lord Byron after an earlier portrait by Thomas Phillips RA, painted during Byron's life.[37] In 1911 he exhibited thee "very delightful figure studies" Queen of the roses, Lily and the lilies, and Gone for ever, at the Spring Exhibition in the Rochdale Art Gallery.[38] The following year he had two "very delightful child studies" For Harvest Festival and Peace on Earth at the gallery's Spring Exhibition.[39] Currently five portraits by Skeaping are at the Rochdale Art Gallery.[note 13]

Illustration

It is not known to what extent Skeaping illustrated magazines. However, given that he illustrated the Tit-bits monster rhyme book in 1899, suggests he may have been doing illustrations for Tit-bits at least. He only seems to have illustrated a few handfuls of books, but two of these[note 14] have about 100 illustrations each.

The following list of books was generated by searching the Jisc Library Hub Discover database[note 15] for books with the keyword "Skeaping" between 1880 and 1950,[42] and then removing books by his brother John Skeaping, his son John Rattenbury Skeaping, his sister-in-law, Emily J. Skeaping, and other irrelevant items.

Books illustrated by Skeaping
SerAuthorYearTitlePublisherPagesNotes
1Jerome K. Jerome1890Told after supperLeadenhall Press, London8, 169, 1, 14 p., 97 ill., 8º.[note 16]
2Anonymous1891The Devil's AcresLeadenhall Press, London175 p., 8º[note 17]
3Jerome K. Jerome1891On the stage - and off, the brief career of a would-be actorLeadenhall Press, Londonviii, 219 p., 100 ill., 8º[note 18]
4Harry A. James1894A professional pugilistLeadenhall Press, London86 p., ill., 8º[note 20]
5Alice F. Jackson1896Our little sunbeams, stories for the little onesJarrold & Sons, London186, 22 p., ill., 8º[note 21]
6Ellinor Davenport Adams1896The holiday prize, a modern fairy taleJarrold & Sons, London205, 18 p., ill., 8º[note 23]
7Lois Fison (as "Aunt Lars")1896The New Fairly-LandJarrold & Sons, London66, 6, ill., 8º[note 24]
8Grace Stebbing1897Why not? or, Climbing the Ladder, etc.Jarrold & Sons, London215, 9 p., 3 ill., 8º[note 25]
9Skeaping and F.C. Buchanan1899Tit-bits monster rhyme bookGeorge Newnes, London80 p., ill., 24 cm[note 26]
10Harry A. James1902The doll-man's giftGeorge Newnes, London198, ii p., ill., 8º[note 27]

Notes
  1. Joseph died at Rainhill Lunatic Asylum nine days after being admitted on 24 December 1901.[2]
  2. The infant mortality rate, i.e. the number of children who died before their first birthday was 230.63 per 1,000 children born in Liverpool. The early childhood mortality rate, i.e the number of children who survived to their first birthday but died before their fifth birthday was 303.27 per 1,000 for Liverpool.[6] The numbers cannot be added together but the surviving proportions have to be multiplied by each other to give the overall surviving proportion, which then yields the total under-five mortality rate.
  3. Eight out of the couple's nine children were still alive at the time of the 1911 census (when the eldest was in her mid 50s) given that the under-five mortality rate was 464 per 1,000 for Liverpool in 1861.[6][note 2] The only child of the couple that did not survive to see adulthood was Thomas (second quarter of 1867 – buried 24 October 1869)[7][8]
  4. John was an art master and then head master of the art school in St. Helens, near Liverpool.[12] He exhibited frequently from 1889–1939, showing 47 works at the Beaux Arts Gallery, one work at the Brook Street Art Gallery, and 56 works at the Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool.[11]: 462  In 1907 John married Emily Jane Brown (birth registered in the 3rd quarter of 1881 – 7 January 1919),[13][14] born in St. Helens and daughter of John Brown, the local Borough Treasurer for St. Helens.[12] Emily was herself an artist and exhibited nine works at the Walker in Liverpool between 1908 and 1916.[11]: 462  She also published several How To manuals with Winsor & Newton including The Art of Dainty Decoration, 1914; How to Colour Photographs Successfully, 1915; and How to Make Beautiful Trimmings, 1915.[12]
  5. His surname is variously written as Kaufman or Kaufmann.
  6. Lily studied at the Liverpool School of Art and in Continental Europe. She taught dress design at the St. Helens School of Art and art at the Liverpool Technical Institute. She exhibited from 1894 to 1930 with two works at the Royal Birmingham Society of Artists, 82 works at the Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool, and one work at the Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colours.[11]: 284  Lily married fellow artist Bernard Kaufmann[note 5](7 September 1870 – 19 October 1900)[15][16] who exhibited from 1892 until a year after his death with three works at the Royal Birmingham Society of Artists, 23 works at the Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool, and three works at the Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colours.[11]: 284 
  7. His maternal grandfather Kenneth Mathiason was a hair dresser, and presumably made wigs also.[5]
  8. After his death, Early Music carried two pages of tributes to him from 11 different persons.[25]
  9. Appendicitis can lead to Peritonitis if the appendix bursts.[27][28]
  10. John at cone stage had considered a career in music and completed a piano scholarship between the age of nine and eleven.[17]
  11. John Skeaping was not only a sculptor, but also an occasional painter, a good amateur musician,[note 10] a keen horseman, and a linguist.[33]
  12. The parents, with Kenneth and Mary.
  13. The Gallery is now known as Touchstones Rochdale.
  14. Told after Supper 1890 and the reissued of On the stage - and off in 1891, both by Jerome K. Jerome
  15. The Jisc Library Hub Discover brings together the catalogues of 168 major UK and Irish libraries. Additional libraries are being added all the time, and the catalogue collates national, university, and research libraries.[40][41]
  16. US edition (1891) available online at the Hathi Trust.[43]. Five ghost stories with no less than 97 illustrations by Skeaping.
  17. Available online at the British Library.[44] The story of a doctor's experience as he rides across a desert to visit a patient.[45] The Morning Post said that "Skeaping's spirited illustrations are a welcome addition to the letter-press."[46] Not to be confused with a book of the same name by Shad Denver (a pseudonym for Desmond Robert Dunn) which was published by Cleveland, Sydney in the 1970s .[47]
  18. The book was first published in 1885 by Field and Tuer, the Leaden Hall Press, London, without any illustrations.[48] It was well received with the Glasgow Evening Post telling readers that they should read it if they wanted a good laugh.[48]. It was reissued in 1891 by the Leadenhall Press, London with 100 illustrations by Skeaping.[49] Available online at the Internet Archive.[50] Note that other online versions of the book at Project Gutenberg or the Hathi Trust are of the unillustrated 1891 American edition.[51]
  19. The book was reviewed in Merthyr in part because the author was from there.[54]
  20. Tells the story of a prize-fighter. The Whitstable Times states that the book is "well illustrated".[52] The Merthyr Express states that The book . . . is most artistically illustrated.[53] The Merthyr Times states that "The silhouette illustrations . . . are particularly good." [54][note 19] The Northern Whig stated that while a want of sympathy with prize-fighting prevented appreciating the book as a whole, they could and did "appreciate the very clever illustrations with which it is furnished" by Skeaping.[55] The Liverpool Mercury said that the notable feature of the book was "certainly the illustrations, which are exceedingly well drawn and are both dramatic and humorous."[56]
  21. The second volume in Jarrold's Snug Corner Series.
  22. The Children "of fair degree" are the children of middle-class parents, including the Squire's children the Rector's children, the doctor's children, and the children of retired colonels, a naval captain, a lawyer, and others.[57]: 9-10 
  23. The book is available online from the University of Florida Digital Collections.[57] There are no fairies as such in the book. When all the children "of fair degree"[57]: 12 [note 22] in the village gather for the summer holidays at the Squire's his maiden sister offers a prize to the boy who becomes the most perfect embodiment of a knight. The Gentlewoman called the book "bright and imaginative", and said it was "still further enhanced by the artistic illustrations" of Skeaping.[58] The book was the first volume of Jarrold's new Snug Corner Series. The Dundee Advertiser found that the fairies met with in the book were very real, and that the book taught "a gentle yet effective lesson" on courtesy.[59] Skeaping provided 35 illustrations for the book plus a decorative title page, decorative heading bands for each chapter, and silhouettes for each end of chapter. He also illustrated the second Snug Corner volume Our little sunbeams, stories for the little ones.
  24. The book tells of a girl who is taken away by a fairy queen to a strange country.[60] The book was profusely illustrated by Skeaping with Alice Kirby Goyder and A. L. Tracy.[61] The Scotsman calls the book "prettily illustrated".[60]
  25. St. James's Gazette called the theme of the story rather a hackneyed one that had no special merit.[62] this is the book with the fewest illustrations of any of the books that Skeaping illustrated.
  26. Issued for Christmas 1899. It was full of old nursery rhyme jingles, and was priced at one penny.[63]
  27. This is a story about a young girl and a fairy apple tree.[64] The Pall Mall Gazette said that Skeaping's illustrations were "perfectly in harmony with this delicate tale"[65] The Yorkshire Post said that Skeaping's "delicate illustrations attracted us".[66] The Huntly Express said that "the illustrations and ornamental designs and letterings are excellent".[67] The Northern Whig said that the book was "beautiful alike in subject, in treatment, in printing, and its quaint and well-executed pictures."[68] The Walsall Osberver said that the book was "beautifully illustrated" and that Skeaping's illustrations deserve a special word of praise.[69] The Westminster Gazette said that Skeaping's illustrations were "veritable things of beauty — full of delicacy and charm."[64]

References
  1. "Year Range 1820-1829: Baptisms in St. Peter's Liverpool in the Year 1829, No. 160, 6 August 1829, Joseph Nairn Skeaping.". Lancashire, England, Church of England Births and Baptisms, 1813-1911. Provo, Utah: Ancestry.com. 2012.
  2. The National Archives (2014). "Class: MH 94; Piece: 37, Admission Serial No. 21693, admitted to Rainhill on 24 December 1901". UK, Lunacy Patients Admission Registers, 1846-1912. Provo, Utah: Ancestry.com.
  3. "Year Range 1830-1839: Baptisms Solmenised at St. John's Church in the Parish of Liverpool in the Year 1835, No. 617, 24 May 1835, Mary Pollick Mathiason". Lancashire, England, Church of England Births and Baptisms, 1813-1911. Provo, Utah: Ancestry.com. 2012.
  4. "Death". Liverpool Echo (Thursday 15 March 1917): 2. 15 March 1917. Retrieved 18 November 2020 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  5. Liverpool Record Office. "1853 Marriage Solemnized at St. Philip's Church in the parish of Liverpool, in the county of Lancaster: No 324: 10 April 1853: Joseph Skeaping: Year Range 1891-1854: Ref. N. 283 PLP/3/14". Liverpool, England, Church of England Marriages and Banns, 1754-1935. Ancestry.com. p. 162.
  6. Reid, A. M.; Arulanantham, S. J.; Day, J. D. (2018). Garrett, E. M.; Jaadla, H.; Lucas-Smith, M. (eds.). Populations Past: Atlas of Victorian and Edwardian Population. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  7. "Index entry". FreeBMD. ONS. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  8. Liverpool Record Office (2011). "Ref No: 283 WAL/4/2/4: Burial of Thomas Skeaping, Age 2, on 25 October 1869". Liverpool, England, Church of England Burials, 1813-1975. Provo, Utah: Ancestry.com.
  9. National Archives (29 September 1939). 1939 Register: Reference: RG 101/238C: E.D. AKBK. Kew: National Archives.
  10. "Wills and Probates 1858-1996: Pages for Skeaping and the year of death 1940". Find a Will Service. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  11. Johnson, J.; Greutzner, A. (1986). The Dictionary of British Artists 1880-1940. Woodbridge: Antique Collectors' Club.
  12. Leach, Andrea. "Joseph Nairn Skeaping". Mapping the Practice and Profession of Sculpture in Britain and Ireland 1851-1951. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  13. "Index entry". FreeBMD. ONS. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  14. "Wills and Probates 1858-1996: Pages for Skeaping and the year of death 1919". Find a Will Service. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  15. Liverpool Record Office (2011). "Baptismal Record Year Range 1862-1874: Reference Number: 282 MIC/1/1: No 88: 26 September 1870: Bernardus Justinus Kaufmann". Liverpool, England, Catholic Baptisms, 1741-1919. Provo, Utah: Ancestry.com. p. 114.
  16. "Wills and Probates 1858-1996: Pages for Kaufmann and the year of death 1900". Find a Will Service. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  17. Blackwood, Jonathan (2011). "Skeaping as Student, Teacher and Traveller". The Sculpture of John Skeaping. London: Lund Humphries. p. 7.
  18. "Index entry". FreeBMD. ONS. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  19. "Index entry". FreeBMD. ONS. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  20. "Baptisms solenmized in the Parish of St. John, Horselydown, in the county of Surrey, in the year 1830: No 150: 6 June 1830: Thomas Swaine Rattenbury". England, Select Births and Christenings, 1538-1975. Provo, Utah: Ancestry.com. 2014. p. 361.
  21. "Wills and Probates 1858-1996: Pages for Rattenbury and the year of death 1877". Find a Will Service. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
  22. London Metropolitan Archives (2010). "Year 1869-1916: Reference Number P75/ALL/001: Baptisms solenmized in the Parish of All Saints, Hatcham Park in the county of Surrey in the year 1881.". London, England, Church of England Births and Baptisms, 1813-1917. Provo, Utah: Ancestry.com. p. 144.
  23. "Wills and Probates 1858-1996: Pages for Rattenbury and the year of death 1898". Find a Will Service. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
  24. "Wills and Probates 1858-1996: Pages for Skeaping and the year of death 1978". Find a Will Service. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  25. Boyden, David (1 April 1978). "Tributes to Kenneth Skeaping 1897-1977". Early Music. 6 (2): 279, 281. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  26. London Metropolitan Archives. "Birth and Baptismal Register for Leytonstone Presbyterian Church: Ref No. LMA/4333/A/003: 3 December 1899: Sally Skeaping". London, England, Non-conformist Registers, 1694-1931.
  27. "Appendicitis: Symptoms and Causes". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
  28. "Peritonitis: Symptoms and Causes". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
  29. "Entry No. 39 for Sally Skeaping, 9 January 1916". 1916 Deaths in the sub-district of Christ Church and St. Saviour in the Country of London. London: General Registry Office. 10 January 1916.
  30. Bexley Local Studies and Archive Centre (2015). "Registers of Burials in the Burial Ground of Bexleyheath: Ref No. LABX/DA/2/1/2: No. 3515: Sally Skeaping, age 16, 13 January 1916.". Bexley, Kent, England, Cemetery Registers, 1879-1985. Provo, Utah: Ancestry.com.
  31. "Obituary: Mr John Skeaping, Sculptor in variety of stones and woods". The Times (Thursday 06 March 1980): 18. 6 March 1980. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  32. "Obituary: Miss Mary Skeaping, Ballet director and producer". The Times (Friday 10 February 1984): 16. 10 February 1984. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  33. Windsor, Alan (2020). "A-Z of sculptors: John Rattenbury Skeaping RA 1901-1980". In Windsor, Alan (ed.). British Sculptors of the Twentieth Century. London: Routledge. p. 175. ISBN 978-1-315-19787-6.
  34. "Tadworth: Old Resident's Passing". Surrey Mirror (Friday 24 May 1946): 7. 24 May 1946. Retrieved 17 November 2020 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  35. "Manchester City Art Gallery". Manchester Evening News (Monday 13 September 1886): 2. 13 September 1886. Retrieved 20 November 2020 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  36. "The Isle of Man International Exhibition". Isle of Man Times (Saturday 09 July 1892): 2. 9 July 1892. Retrieved 20 November 2020 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  37. "Local Art Notes". Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser (Tuesday 26 May 1908): 12. 26 May 1908. Retrieved 20 November 2020 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  38. "Spring Exhibition". Rochdale Times (Saturday 25 February 1911): 2. 25 February 1911. Retrieved 20 November 2020 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  39. "Spring Exhibition". Rochdale Times (Saturday 24 February 1912): 2. 24 February 1912. Retrieved 20 November 2020 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  40. "Libraries on Discover: Contributing libraries list". Library Hub Discover. 25 July 2020.
  41. "About Library Hub Discover". Library Hub Discover. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
  42. "Search Results for Date: 1880-1950; Keyword: Skeaping; Document type: book". Library Hub Discover. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
  43. Jerome, Jerome Klapa (1891). Told after supper. New York: Henry Holt and Company. Retrieved 21 November 2020 – via The Hathi Trust (access may be limited outside the United States).
  44. The Devil's Acres. London: Leadenhall Press. 1891. Retrieved 21 November 2020 – via The British Library.
  45. "Novels and Stories". Glasgow Herald (Thursday 02 July 1891): 4. 2 July 1891. Retrieved 21 November 2020 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  46. "Recent Novels". Morning Post (Wednesday 15 July 1891): 2. 15 July 1891. Retrieved 20 November 2020 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  47. Denver, Shad (1970). The Devil's Acres: Cleveland western no 1544. Sydney, Australia: Cleveland.
  48. "Our Library Table". Glasgow Evening Post (Saturday 02 May 1885): 4. 2 May 1885. Retrieved 21 November 2020 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  49. "Theatrical Notes". Pall Mall Gazette (Tuesday 01 December 1891): 1. 1 December 1891. Retrieved 21 November 2020 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  50. Jerome, Jerome Klapa (1891). On the stage - and off, the brief career of a would-be actor. London: Leadenhall Press. Retrieved 21 November 2020 – via The Internet Archive.
  51. Jerome, Jerome Klapa (1891). On the stage - and off, the brief career of a would-be actor. New York: Henry Holt and Company. Retrieved 21 November 2020 – via The Hathi Trust (access may be limited outside the United States).
  52. "Literary Jottings". Whitstable Times and Herne Bay Herald (Saturday 26 May 1894): 3. 26 May 1894. Retrieved 20 November 2020 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  53. "Gossip". Merthyr Express (Saturday 26 May 1894): 5. 26 May 1894. Retrieved 21 November 2020 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  54. "Local Siftings". Merthyr Times, and Dowlais Times, and Aberdare Echo (Thursday 21 June 1894): 5. 21 June 1894. Retrieved 21 November 2020 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  55. "Literary Notes". Northern Whig (Saturday 07 July 1894): 8. 7 July 1894. Retrieved 21 November 2020 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  56. "Literary Notices". Liverpool Mercury (Wednesday 20 June 1894): 7. 20 June 1894. Retrieved 20 November 2020 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  57. Adams, Ellinor Davenport (1896). The holiday prize a modern fairy tale. London: Jarrold and Sons. Retrieved 16 November 2020 – via University of Florida Digital Collections.
  58. "On Our Bookshelf". The Gentlewoman (Saturday 01 February 1896): 15. 1 February 1896. Retrieved 11 November 2020 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  59. "New Novels". Dundee Advertiser (Thursday 19 December 1895): 2. 19 December 1895. Retrieved 11 November 2020 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  60. "Minor Books". The Scotsman (Monday 13 January 1896): 3. 13 January 1896. Retrieved 21 November 2020 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  61. "Reviews". Norfolk Chronicle (Saturday 18 January 1896): 12. 18 January 1896. Retrieved 21 November 2020 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  62. "Some More Christmas Books". St James's Gazette (Saturday 19 December 1896): 5. 19 December 1896. Retrieved 21 November 2020 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  63. "Literary Notices, The Christmas Numbers". Shoreditch Observer (Saturday 02 December 1899): 3. 2 December 1899. Retrieved 21 November 2020 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  64. "Christmas and other Gift Books: Various". Westminster Gazette (Tuesday 11 November 1902): 8. 11 November 1902. Retrieved 21 November 2020 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  65. "Gift Books". Pall Mall Gazette (Friday 28 November 1902): 12. 28 November 1902. Retrieved 21 November 2020 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  66. "Children's Christmas Books". Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer (Wednesday 15 October 1902): 4. 15 October 1902. Retrieved 21 November 2020 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  67. "Views and Reviews". Huntly Express (Friday 31 October 1902): 2. 31 October 1902. Retrieved 21 November 2020 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  68. "Books for the Young". Northern Whig (Saturday 01 November 1902): 10. 1 November 1902. Retrieved 21 November 2020 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  69. "Reviews". Walsall Observer, and South Staffordshire Chronicle (Saturday 25 October 1902): 2. 25 October 1902. Retrieved 21 November 2020 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
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