Kamal al-Haydari
Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Kamal al-Haydari (Arabic: كمال الحسيني الحيدري; born 1956) is a Philosopher and Shia marja' from Iraq, who resides in Qom, Iran.[1][2]
Kamal al-Husayni al-Haydari | |
|---|---|
السيد كمال الحسيني الحيدري | |
| Title | Grand Ayatollah |
| Personal | |
| Born | Kamal Baqir Hassan al-Haydari 1956 (age 66–67) |
| Religion | Islam |
| Denomination | Shia |
| Jurisprudence | Ja'fari (Usuli) |
| Creed | Twelver |
| Muslim leader | |
| Based in | Qom, Iran |
| Website | official website |
Al-Haydari's intellectual output can be loosely grouped with a critical school within Islamic studies sometimes known as madrasat naqd al-turath (school of criticising [religious] heritage). This school is generally known for being critical of "accepted" or purportedly "orthodox" truths, and calls for a renewed examination of previously thought of "unassailable" texts or opinions.[3]
He has argued that Twelver Shi'i thought has by large evolved from a rational/theologically centered school of thought into a jurisprudentially centered school.
Family
Al-Haydari was born into a renowned Karbalaei family, that goes back to their patriarch Mir Haidar al-Husayni, a descendant of the fourth Shi'ite Imam, Ali Zayn al-Abideen.[4] His great grandfather, Sayyid Abdullah al-Haydari (d. 1899) was a grand scholar, and is buried in the Imam Husayn shrine, along with his children. They played a large role in the expansion of the courtyard of the shrine from the south eastern side.[5]
Early life and education
Al-Haydari was born in 1956 to Baqir al-Haydari, a well-known cloth dealer in Karbala. He completed his elementary, middle and high school education in public schools. His family wanted him to pursue a career in medicine or engineering, but he chose to go down the religious academic path.[2]
Education
He studied his primary religious studies in Karbala under scholars such as Sheikh Ali al-Eithan al-Ahsa'i, and his son Sheikh Husayn al-Eithan. He then moved to Najaf in 1974 to study at the College of Jurisprudence. He also took lessons at the religious seminary, completing his sutooh studies with Ayatollah Sayyid Muhammad-Taqi al-Hakim and Ayatollah Sayyid Abd al-Saheb al-Hakim. He then began his bahth al-kharij studies with Ayatollah Sayyid Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei, Ayatollah Sayyid Muhammad-Baqir al-Sadr, Ayatollah Sheikh Ali al-Gharawi, and Sayyid Nasrallah al-Mustanbit.[6]
Al-Haydari gained a bachelor's degree in Islamic sciences with honors in 1978 from the College ohttp://alhaydari.com/ar/category/ebooks/quranic/f Jurisprudence, and then migrated to Kuwait in 1980 due to the rising pressures from the Ba'thist authorities, and then to Damascus, where he remained for nearly four months. He then left for Iran via Turkey and settled in the city of Qom. In Qom, he resumed his studies under some of the most learned such as Ayatollah Mirza Jawad Tabrizi, Ayatollah Sheikh Wahid Khorasani, Ayatollah Sheikh Javadi Amoli, and Ayatollah Sheikh Hassanzadeh Amoli.[2]
Religious career
Al-Haydari announced his marja'iyah in 2012.[7] He has been known to be relatively controversial, including his critiques of the opinions of classical scholars such al-Saduq, al-Mufid and al-Hilli, as well as rejecting the idea of unanimity when it came to doctrinal matters. However, his critique that caused the most uproar in his sphere is his contention that the vast majority of surviving traditions in the four main books are a product of forgeries, known as Israʼiliyyat.[3]
He gained a lot of traction on al-Kawthar TV, where he hosted a show and discussed religious matters in the Quran and Hadith. However the show was cancelled in 2013 due to controversial remarks by al-Haydari.[8]
In 2019, al-Haydari supported the demonstrations during the October Revolution in Iraq stating:[9]
Corruption has become a phenomenon in the public life of the country facing no religious or legal deterrence. The demonstrations that erupted and that will break out are only a natural reaction to this corruption.
Works
Quranic Books
- Koran preservation from distortion
- Interpretation of the Koran
- Logic of understanding of the Koran - methodological foundations of explanation and interpretation in the light of a verse of the Kursi (3 parts)
- Pulp of interpretation of the book Koran
- Miracles between theory and practice
- Piety in the Qur'an
- Joseph the righteous
- Interpretative approach of Allamah al-Haydari
- Assets of interpretation (two parts)
Ideological Books
- Science of Imam, researches in fact and matters of the science of infallible Imams
- Landmarks of Umayyad Islam
- Tawheed (two parts)
- Tawheed lessons
- Researches in Creed (two parts)
- Formative mandate, its reality and manifestations
- Philosophy of Religion
- Firmly grounded in science
- Concept of intercession in the Qur'an
- In the shadow of faith and morals
- Understanding of religion
- Intercession
- Infallibility - analytical researches in light of the Quranic approach
- Ma'aad in Koranic vision (two parts)
- The Greatest Name, its truth and manifestations
- Hyperbole, its reality and divisions
- Bada and how it occurs in the divine science
- Fate and destiny and the problematic of human act disability
- Authority and making of situation and interpretation
- Tawheed of Sheikh Ibn Taymiyyah
- Researches on the Imamate
Philosophical Books
- The Philosophy of Mulla Sadra Shirazi: a Reading in the Focal Points of Transcendent Wisdom
- Ma'aad (the Return)
- Intellect, Intellector, and Intellected
- Philosophy (two parts)
- An Introduction to the Theory of Knowledge as discussed among Islamic Philosophers
- The Essential School of Thought concerning the Theory of Knowledge
- Explorations in Philosophical Psychology
- Commentary on the End of Wisdom (by Allameh Tabataba'i) (two parts)
- Lessons on Transcendental Wisdom (two parts)
- Commentary on Muzzaffar's Logic (five parts)
- Commentary on the Beginning of Wisdom (by Allameh Tabataba'i) (two parts)
- Divine ideals: Analytical Research concerning the Theory of Plato
Fiqh Books
- No Damage, nor reciprocating
- Fiqh approach of Allamah al-Haydari
- A necessary denier, his truth, terms and rules
- Zakat is due and the dispute of its identification
- Landmarks of Fiqh Renewal
- Book (Zakat)
- Selections from the provisions of the women
- Elected of Hajj and Umrah Rites
- Rites of Hajj
- Fataawa Fiqhiyyah - Worship (two parts)
- Fataawa Fiqhiyyah - Transactions
- Research in the jurisprudence of the sales contract
- One fifth of gains profit
- Book (whole of forbidden gains Fiqh)
Fundamentals of Islamic Jurisprudence Books
- Conjecture, a study in the authoritative and its divisions and its provisions.
- Explanation of the first episode of Sayed Mohammed Baqir al-Sadr
- Explanation of the third episode of Sayed Mohammed Baqir al-Sadr (two parts)
- Explanation of the third episode of Sayed Mohammed Baqir al-Sadr
- Explanation of the second episode for Sayed Mohammed Baqir al-Sadr (four parts)
- The Reality
- The Fixed and variable in religious knowledge
- Philosophy of Mohammed Albaaj
Moral books
- Introduction to Ethics
- Tawbah, its reality, conditions and effects
- Spiritual Education
- Innovations of Allamah Al-Haydari, in the methodology, Tawheed and Imamate
- Priorities methodology in understanding religious knowledge
- Du'aa
Books on Gnosis
- Knowledge of God (two parts)
- From Creation to the Real (min al-khalq ila al-haqq)
- Shiite Gnosis (Irfan)
- Commentary on Establishing Principles (by Ibn Turka) (two parts)
References
- "List of Maraji (Updated) as of 2017". Archived from the original on 2018-08-19. Retrieved 2018-08-27.
- "Biography". alhaydari.com. Retrieved 2020-11-04.
- "al-Isra'iliyyat Fi Mawroothina al-Ruwa'i" [Isra'illiyat in our heritages traditions]. Kitabat (in Arabic). 2013-09-06. Retrieved 2020-11-04.
- Ṭuʻmah, Salmān Hādī (1998). Asha'er Karbala Wa 'Usariha [Tribes and Families of Karbala] (in Arabic). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Mahaja al-Baydha'. pp. 93–4.
- Hadow, Hameed; Kadhma, Sami (2011). Dufana' Fi al-'Ataba al-Husayniyah al-Muqaddasah [Those buried in the holy Imam Husayn Shrine] (in Arabic). Beirut, Lebanon: Kanso Press. p. 137.
- Hadow, Hameed (2010). Kamal al-Haydari Qira'a Fil Sira Wal Manhaj [Kamal al-Haydari: A read into his biography and method]. Beirut, Lebanon: al-Huda Foundation.
- "al-Marja'iya al-Diniya wal Ijtihad al-Mu'asir" [The Religious Marja'iya and Contemporary Ijtihad]. Beirut News Arabic (in Arabic). Retrieved 2020-11-04.
- al-Sheikh, Mehdi. "Qanat al-Kawther Tuqif Barnamaj al-Sayyid Kamal al-Haydari Hawl al-Quran wal Hadith" [al-Kawther TV stops Kamal al-Haydaris show regarding the Quran and Hadith]. al-Wasat News Bahrain (in Arabic). Retrieved 2020-11-04.
- "The Shiite House: The Position of Religious Elite on the Iraqi and Lebanese Protests". International Institute for Iranian Studies (in Arabic). 2020-02-23. Retrieved 2020-11-04.