Kaghaz

Kaghaz (Persian: کاغذ) is the Persian word for paper. It was borrowed and adapted into many other languages.[1]

History

The Persian word kaghaz is a borrowing from Sogdian kʾɣδʾ, itself in turn possibly borrowed from Chinese (紙).[1] The Persian word was loaned into numerous other languages, including Arabic (كاغد)[lower-alpha 1], Bengali (কাগজ), Georgian (ქაღალდი), Kurdish, Marathi (कागद), Nepali, Telugu, and the various Turkic languages.[1] Through the Ottoman conquest of the Balkans the Persian kaghaz entered the languages of the region through Ottoman Turkish (كاغد), including Serbian, where it generated the word for "documentation" (ćage).[1]

The increased access to paper had spread from China to Samarqand in Transoxania and then Khorasan by the mid-8th century.[1] By 981, paper had spread to Armenian and Georgian monasteries in the Caucasus.[1] It spread to India by the 13th century.[1]

The modern historian Nile Green explains that the increased access to paper had a role in the expansion of Persian into bureaucratic and in turn literary activities, that is, the domain of written Persian ("Persographia") in large parts of Eurasia.[2]

See also

Notes
  1. Nile Green adds that the Persian word was loaned into Arabic at an early stage, a development which shaped the spelling of the Persian word itself.[1]

References
  1. Green, Nile (2019). "Introduction: The Frontiers of the Persianate World (ca. 800–1900)". In Green, Nile (ed.). The Persianate World: The Frontiers of a Eurasian Lingua Franca. University of California Press. p. 22. ISBN 978-0520972100.
  2. Green, Nile (2019). "Introduction: The Frontiers of the Persianate World (ca. 800–1900)". In Green, Nile (ed.). The Persianate World: The Frontiers of a Eurasian Lingua Franca. University of California Press. pp. 4, 22. ISBN 978-0520972100.

Further reading
  • Floor, Willem; Desvergnes, Amélie Couvrat (2022). History of Paper in Iran, 1501–1925. Mage Publishers. pp. 1–276. ISBN 978-1949445428.
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