Junior tennis

To play a USTA sanctioned tournament, a junior must be a registered USTA member and a US citizen. Some non-US citizens are also allowed to compete, such as those living in the US for asylum or with refugee status, or children of diplomats.[4] In addition, a player is allowed to compete in an age division until the month of their birthday in which they age-out (such as turning 17 and no longer being 16 and under).[5] Players often compete in multiple divisions, playing above their age in addition to their current age division. All USTA members are divided by location into sections, with some junior tournaments restricting entry only to players in the section they are held.[6]

The USTA separates their junior tournaments into 7 levels, with the highest leveled tournaments being Level 1, and then descending in ranking points available and prestige until Level 7. Level 1 and Level 2 tournaments are exclusively run at the national level (some notable tournaments include the USTA National Championships, which funnels into the Junior US Open and US Open for the 16s and 18s divisions respectively). Level 3 tournaments are run both at the national, and the sectional level, where some sections can run "Closed Section Level 3 Tournaments", where they restrict entry to be exclusively players from that section. Each USTA section hosts an annual Sectionals Championship, a Level 3 tournament that provides the winner direct entry into the USTA National Championships at the corresponding age level. All tournaments below Level 3 are hosted at the sectional or district level, and usually provide fewer points. These tournaments can vary between being closed section or open to any USTA junior, which is decided by the section running them. Each tournament level has its own formatting rules and draw sizes, but most matches played are best two out of three sets, with either a full third set or a tiebreak played in lieu of a third set. The larger tournaments are often 64 or 128 players per draw, while smaller tournaments can have as few as 2 or 4 players.[3]

Players are accepted into tournaments based on their USTA ranking. Before 2021, rankings were calculated at both the sectional and the national level, with different point tallies for the different categories. However, the USTA has since standardized their ranking system, removing the sectional ranking systems, leaving only the national rankings. A player's singles ranking is calculated by summing the points received from their best 6 singles results in the last 12 months, as well as 15% of the points received for their 6 best doubles results.[7] The USTA posts summarized rankings multiple times a year, but uses a weekly standings list to determine entry into tournaments. They also provide point rewards for certain international tournaments, such as the Junior Grand Slams.

Top ranked USTA juniors often go on to professional play, or top ranked Division I college programs. Recent notable former USTA junior players include Francis Tiafoe, John Isner, Sloane Stephens and Madison Keys.[8]

Tournaments are divided into 8 different grades. The following list presents them in descending order of importance towards the junior ranking.[9]

• Grade A (including four Grand Slams)
• Grade B (Regional Championships)
• Grade C (International Team Competitions)
• Grades 1–5

In 2004, the ITF implemented a new rankings scheme to encourage greater participation in doubles, by combining two rankings (singles and doubles) into one combined tally. Junior tournaments do not offer prize money. Juniors may earn income through tennis by participating on the Futures, Satellites or Challenger tours. Tournaments are broken up into different tiers offering different amounts of ranking points, culminating with Grade A and the junior Grand Slams - the most prestigious junior events. Worldwide, many junior players also have a Universal Tennis Rating.

The grand slam tournaments are the same for juniors as they are for the professional seniors, the Australian Open, French Open, Wimbledon, and the US Open. In addition, there are five other prestigious junior tournaments, given Grade A status by the ITF. They are, in calendar order, the Abierto Juvenil Mexicano, Copa Gerdau, Trofeo Bonfiglio, Osaka Mayor's Cup, and the Orange Bowl.

The ITF has developed international junior tournaments; the boys tournament is named the "Junior Davis Cup by BNP Paribas", and the tournament for girls is named the "Junior Fed Cup".

• Parent's Guide to Junior Tennis