José María Iparraguirre

José María Iparraguirre, (1820–1881) was a Basque poet and writer in the Basque language, bertsolari and musician.[1]

José María Iparraguirre
Native name
José María de Iparraguirre Balerdi
Born1820
Urretxu, Gipuzkoa, Spain
Died1881
Itsaso
OccupationWriter, poet, bertsolari, musician
LanguageSpanish, Basque
NationalityBasque

José Maria Iparraguirre, a bard, is known for his compositions, the most significant of which is Gernikako Arbola (literally "the Guernica tree");[2] it quickly became the Basque anthem.[3]

Biography

José María Iparraguirre was born in Urretxu an Gipuzkoa in 1820, and died in 1881 in Itxaso at the age of 61. He was a very famous poet and musician. He had a bohemian and adventurous life that earned him the nickname "bard", an image he transmitted with his inseparable guitar and improvisation of songs and verses, but he was also a great bertsolari.[4][5] His work, written mostly in Basque (although he also wrote in Spanish, French, English and Italian), takes up some of the most significant and popular songs of the time, however that of the Gernikako arbola is nevertheless the best known.[6]

He lived in full romanticism of which he is clearly one of the children and an example. His works are linked to the ancestral traditions of the Basque people, with their legends and religion.[7][8]

The turbulent historical period that he lived, the Carlist wars and the abolition of fueros (Fueros) and his deep romanticism, also expressed in his political struggle as well as his participation in the struggles (where he was wounded in the leg), led him into exile. throughout Europe (France, Germany, Italy, England and Switzerland) and Latin America not to submit to the Embrace of Vergara or the Convention of 'Ognate given its deep Carlism.[9]

In 1859 he married the Gipuzkoan María Ángela Querejeta with whom he lived in Uruguay and will have eight children, two boys and six daughters (he had already had another son before). In 1877 he returned to the Basque Country, leaving his family in America. The most popular of his compositions is undoubtedly Gernikako arbola.[10][11][12]

Bibliography

Plays
  • Agur Euskalerria
  • Ameriketatik Urretxuko semeei
  • Errukarria
  • Ezkongaietan
  • Gernikako Arbola
  • Glu, glu, glu!
  • Gora Euskera
  • Kantari euskalduna
  • Nere amak baleki
  • Nere etorrera
  • Nere izarra
  • Nere maitearentzat
  • Nere ongile maiteari
  • Ume eder bat
  • Zugana manuela

References
  1. "Iparraguirre Balerdi, José María". Basque encyclopedia. Aunamandi. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  2. "EL ARBOL DE GERNIKA". Basquepoetry. Basquepoetry. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  3. "José María Iparraguirre, un santo cultural". El correo. El correo. 7 August 2020. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  4. "Iparraguirre: América, fracaso del bardo seductor". Deia. Deia. April 2020. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  5. "José María Iparragirre, el mejor embajador turístico de Urretxu". Diario vasco. Diario vasco. 6 April 2016. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  6. "Jose Maria Iparragirre (1820–1881)". Euskonews. Euskonews. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  7. "José María Iparraguirre Balerdi". Royal Academy of History. Dbe. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  8. "José María Iparraguirre". Biografias y vidas. Biografias y vidas. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  9. "Iparraguirre, el poeta más grande de Euskalherria". Noticias de Navarra. Noticias de Navarra. 6 March 2020. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  10. "Oskorri recupera para la memoria colectiva obras de Iparragirre". El pais. El país. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  11. "José María Iparraguirre Balerdi ( 1820–1881 )". Iparragirre.urretxu. Iparragirre.urretxu. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  12. "Iparaguirre" (PDF). Euskaltzaindia. Euskaltzaindia. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
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