John Louis Emil Dreyer

John Louis Emil Dreyer (13 February 1852 – 14 September 1926) was a Danish astronomer who spent most of his career working in Ireland. He spent the last decade of his life in Oxford, England.[1][2][3][4]

John Louis Emil Dreyer.

Life

Dreyer was born in Copenhagen. His father, Lieutenant General John Christopher Dreyer,[5] was the Danish Minister for War and the Navy. When he was 14 he became interested in astronomy and regularly visited Hans Schjellerup at the Copenhagen observatory.[4] He was educated in Copenhagen, taking an MA in 1872. While the same university later awarded him a PhD, in 1874.[6] But in 1874, at the age of 22, he went to Parsonstown, Ireland. There he worked as the assistant of Lord Rosse (the son and successor of the Lord Rosse who built the Leviathan of Parsonstown telescope).

During 1878 he moved to Dunsink, the site of the Trinity College Observatory of Dublin University to work for Robert Stawell Ball. In 1882 he relocated again, this time to Armagh Observatory, where he served as Director until his retirement in 1916. In 1885 he became a British citizen. In 1916 he and his wife Kate moved to Oxford where Dreyer worked on editing the works of Tycho Brahe.

He won the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1916 and served as the society's president from 1923 until 1925. He died on 14 September 1926 in Oxford, where he is buried in Wolvercote Cemetery.

A crater on the far side of the Moon is named after him.

Works

Dreyer compiled the New General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars, basing it on William Herschel's Catalogue of Nebulae, as well as two supplementary Index Catalogues. The NGC and IC catalogue designations are still widely used.

Dreyer was also a historian of astronomy. In 1890 he published a biography of Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe, and in his later years he edited Tycho's publications and unpublished correspondence. These were published in a 15-volume edition, Opera Omnia, the last volume of which was published after his death.[4]

His book History of the Planetary Systems from Thales to Kepler (1905), is currently printed with the title A History of Astronomy from Thales to Kepler.[7]

He co-edited the first official history of the Royal Astronomical Society along with Herbert Hall Turner, History of the Royal Astronomical Society 1820–1920 (1923, reprinted 1987).[8]

Arms
Coat of arms of John Louis Emil Dreyer
Notes
Certified 20 November 1896 by Arthur Edward Vicars, Ulster King of Arms.[9]
Crest
An arm ____ the hand gauntleted Proper grasping a trident bend sinisterways Argent shaft Proper.
Escutcheon
Per fess Argent and Gules chaperonne Azure in chief a trefoil slipped and inverted Vert and in base three roundels each charged with a quatrefoil Argent.
Motto
Uden Arbeide Ingen Lykke

References
  1. "obit. Dr. J. L. E. Dreyer". Nature. 118 (2969): 454–455. 25 September 1926. Bibcode:1926Natur.118..454.. doi:10.1038/118454a0.
  2. "DREYER, John Louis Emil". Who's Who. Vol. 59. 1907. p. 508.
  3. Alexander, A. F. O'D. (1971). "Dreyer, Johann Louis Emil". In Gillispie, C. C. (ed.). Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Vol. 4. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons. pp. 185–186.
  4. "Obituary Notices: Fellows:- Dreyer, J. L. E". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 87: 251. February 1927. Bibcode:1927MNRAS..87..251.. doi:10.1093/mnras/87.4.251.
  5. Elliott, Ian (2007). "Dreyer, John Louis Emil". In Hockey, Thomas; Trimble, Virginia; Williams, Thomas R. (eds.). Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers. New York: Springer Publishing. pp. 312–313. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-30400-7_382. ISBN 978-0-387-31022-0.
  6. J.A. Bennett: Church, State and Astronomy in Ireland, Armagh Observatory, 1990, Chapter 9, p. 153
  7. Dreyer, J. L. E. (1953). A History of Astronomy from Thales to Kepler (2 ed.). New York: Dover Publications. ISBN 9780486600796.
  8. "Royal Astronomical Society (RAS)". Encyclopædia Britannica.
  9. "Grants and Confirmations of Arms, Vol. H,". National Library of Ireland. p. 382. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
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