Jiichirō Matsumoto

Jiichirō Matsumoto (松本 治一郎, Matsumoto Jiichirō) ((1887-06-18)18 June 1887 – (1966-11-22)22 November 1966) was a Japanese politician, businessman, and leader of the Burakumin liberation movement. Born in Fukuoka Prefecture, Matsumoto led the Burakumin liberation movement during its activity, earning himself the title "Father of the Buraku Liberation" from the Buraku Liberation League.

Jiichirō Matsumoto

Career

Matsumoto was born in Chikushi District, now part of the city of Fukuoka. His parents were Burakumin. After graduating from Sumiyoshi Elementary School and Kanjō Junior High School in Tokyo, he dropped out of Dalian High School in 1900. During 1907, Matsumoto made his living as a street fortune-teller and quack doctor. In 1910, he was extradited back to his home province by the consul general. By 1911, Matsumoto had established the Matsumoto Company, which specialized in civil engineering and heavy construction. The company was later destroyed by members of the Kyūshū Yakuza Clan. In 1921, the Chikuzenkyō revolutionary group was organized. That same year, during the celebration of the 300th anniversary of the first Fukuoka daimyō Kuroda Nagamasa, the protest movement organized by Matsumoto rose up and the celebration turned into "voluntary donation from non-discriminated descendants against forms of discrimination" under enforcement. In 1923, Matsumoto became chairman of the Kyūshū Levelers Association (九州水平社, Kyūshū Suiheisha).

In 1925, Matsumoto assumed the office of National Levelers Association (全国水平社, Zenkoku Suiheisha) as chairman of the committee. Having strong ideas about equality between people throughout Japan, Matsumoto organized the resistance of not giving the title of nobility to Iesato Tokugawa. Later, after the assassination of Iesato Tokugawa, Matsumoto was found guilty of attempted assassination, and was imprisoned for four months in 1927. In 1926, Matsumoto lead an impeachment campaign against the Fukuoka Regiment Discrimination. In 1929, he was imprisoned for a second time, this time for three years and six months, without any clear reason. Many suspect the impeachment campaign as the reason. In 1936, Matsumoto became a member of the House of Representatives.

In 1942, Matsumoto was elected by a recommendation to the Taisei Yokusankai (大政翼賛会, Imperial Rule Assistance Association or Imperial Aid Association). This was a governmental camouflage, because Ichirō Hatoyama in fact didn't write any recommendations. This election was an excuse to get rid of Matsumoto's public offices. In 1946, Matsumoto became chairman of the Buraku Liberation League (部落解放同盟, Buraku Kaihō Dōmei), and, in 1947, he became a member of Parliament. The same year he was elected as vice-chairman of the House of Councilors. He was known among the people as a leftist leader. Matsumoto is well known for saying about himself, "I became a chairman despite my burakumin origins. Socialists hold the majority in the House of Representatives and in the House of Councilors, and in order for Komakichi Matsuoka to win, they've chosen me."

In 1948, being a vice-chairman of the House of Councilors, Matsumoto made a refusal to the Emperor's audience in the case known as "The Sideways Scuttle of a Crab". After that his public offices were banished, but this was cancelled in 1951. In 1953, Matsumoto became a chairman of the Japan-China Amity Association (日中友好協会, Nicchyuyukokyokai). Until his death in 1966, Matsumoto continued his buraku liberation activities.

"Quack doctor" controversy

During Matsumoto's stay in Dalien, he worked as a quack doctor under the title of "first class army surgeon of Great Japan". In the book Matsumoto Jiichirō's Biography, the following was written: "[those] abandoned by modern medical care were welcomed",[1] and there are recordings that "If Matsumoto was critical of the aggression of Japanese imperialists towards China, he wouldn't have proclaimed himself the 'first class army surgeon of Great Japan'"; some criticisms of his activities are cited: "Matsumoto earned, for a living, getting cash for the 'treatment' of Chinese people. Faulty 'treatment' quite frequently resulted in the loss of one's life. Matsumoto did this fraud and swindling in China, but he never did it in Japan".[2] Although Matsumoto said in the next years: "I cannot do percussion and auscultation, but even now I have great self-confidence in visual examination".[3]

War collaboration controversy

In 1942, when Matsumoto had won a nomination to Taisei Yokusankai, his campaign bulletin had the following greetings: "Streams of blood for the Country!", "Overthrow America in the fight 'til death, destroy the Anglo-Saxon domination of the world; in unity of hundreds in one nation, the young and the aged united in gunfire, despite hardship, leading to invincible victory!"[4]

On 14 June 1943, Matsumoto was one of the organizers of an imperialist group called the "Eight Days Committee".[5] Seigō Nakano and Bin Akao were both present at the inaugural meeting when an "inspirational speech" took place.[6] The creeds of "Eight Days Committee" were used during the early beginnings of the Pacific War: "Let our every action show the real meaning of the national polity!", "Let's fight remembering our Emperor has a faith we will win!", etc. Though Matsumoto did everything he could to support Japan's war efforts, including budget agreements,[7] after the defeat he suddenly shifted to the side of opposition and rejected militarism. He said, "I've always been fighting for equality, revealing anti-war movements and creeds. I had always known about the defeat",[8] and "I have always had anti-war ideals", as well as, "I am for anti-militarism and democracy".[9]

In January 1953, in Yangon, Burma, at the welcoming citizens' mass meeting, Matsumoto delivered a speech as a representative of the (leftist) Social Democratic Party. He said "Japan is now a rapidly developing and economically growing country, but on the other hand, it came at the peril of imperial fascism. Japan sacrificed many countries to that end, which seduced us like the Devil. Of course, our socialists were against these wars", ..."[10] — this statement by Matsumoto, alludes that he probably lied about his war collaboration.

Bronze statue

Family

Quotations
  • "Neither violence nor target."[11]
  • "Where there is nobility, there are serfs." (Also explained as "In order to make Gods of men, men are made into beasts" in the same script)[12]
  • "No drinking. No smoking. No gambling. No wife, no buying girls. No necktie."[13] (These principles Matsumoto maintained all his life)
  • "Fighting with authority, what do I think about? If the Emperor hadn't conferred a decoration on me, my resistance movement probably wouldn't have existed. Being decorated conveys authority. This thought exists while buraku discrimination exists."[14]
  • "My enemy is not you. My enemy is the one standing behind your back. But if you feel yourself soul-searching what you have done, I forgive you."[15]

References
  1. 部落解放同盟中央本部編『松本治一郎伝』p.24（解放出版社、1987年）ISBN 4-7592-4403-4
  2. 金靜美『水平運動研究史──民族差別批判』pp.451-452（現代企画室、1994年）ISBN 4-7738-9312-5
  3. 福岡県人権研究所・松本治一郎プロジェクト編「松本治一郎」P48（西日本新聞社、2003年）
  4. 金靜美『水平運動研究史──民族差別批判』pp.352-353（現代企画室、1994年）ISBN 4-7738-9312-5
  5. 金靜美『水平運動研究史──民族差別批判』pp.637（現代企画室、1994年）ISBN 4-7738-9312-5
  6. 『特高月報』1943年6月分、pp.36-39
  7. 金靜美『水平運動研究史──民族差別批判』pp.355-359（現代企画室、1994年）ISBN 4-7738-9312-5
  8. 1947年の発言。松本治一郎「荊冠旗は血に染む　水平社運動廿五年」、『政界ジープ』ジープ社、1947年9月、p.6
  9. 1948年の発言。松本治一郎「衆議院より参議院へ」、松本治一郎・部落解放全国委員会『部落解放への三十年』近代思想社、1948年、p.204、p206
  10. 松本治一郎「全アジア水平運動のために　Burmaから Indiaへ」（一）、『部落』第40号、1953年2月、pp.9-10
  11. 部落解放新書1・松本治一郎対談集（解放出版社）
  12. 井上清／北原泰作・著『部落の歴史―物語・部落運動解放史』理論社。同文中で“人間神を作るために人間獣が作られる”と解説されている
  13. 福岡県人権研究所・松本治一郎プロジェクト編「松本治一郎」P49（西日本新聞社、2003年）
  14. 福岡県人権研究所・松本治一郎プロジェクト編「松本治一郎」P252（西日本新聞社、2003年）
  15. 福岡県人権研究所・松本治一郎プロジェクト編「松本治一郎」P200（西日本新聞社、2003年）

Further reading
  • 松本治一郎「部落解放への三十年」（近代思想社）1948年
  • 部落解放同盟中央本部編「松本治一郎伝」（解放出版社）1987年
  • 金静美「水平運動史研究―民族差別批判」（現代企画室）1994年
  • 福岡県人権研究所・松本治一郎プロジェクト編「松本治一郎」（西日本新聞社）2003年
  • 高山文彦 (作家)|高山文彦「水平記 松本治一郎と部落解放運動の一〇〇年」（新潮社）2005年
  • 水平同志会編「伝記松本治一郎」（水平同志会）2006年
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