1946 Italian general election

To emphasise the restoration of democracy after the fascist era, a pure party-list proportional representation was chosen. Italian provinces were united in 31 constituencies, each electing a group of candidates.[2] At constituency level, seats were divided between open lists using the largest remainder method with the Imperiali quota. Remaining votes and seats were transferred at national level, where special closed lists of national leaders received the last seats using the Hare quota.

At the end of World War II, Italy was governed under transitional laws as a result of agreements between the National Liberation Committee (CLN) and the royal Lieutenant General of the Realm Umberto II of Italy. As no democratic elections had taken place for more than 20 years, legislative power was given to the government but, after the first election, the Italian Council of Ministers would have to receive a vote of confidence by the new Constituent Assembly.

The three main contestants were Christian Democracy and the Italian Socialist Party, which had both received popular support before the fascist era, and the Italian Communist Party, which had strengthened itself with the armed struggle against Nazism and fascism during the war. The Italian Liberal Party, heir of the pre-fascist and conservative ruling class, proposed an alliance called National Democratic Union. Monarchists groups created the National Bloc of Freedom, while the liberal socialist Action Party and Labour Democratic Party hoped to maximize the positive image of the governments that they ruled in the National Liberation Committee.

The election gave a large majority to the government formed by the three leaders of the CLN, which was briefly joined by the Republican Party after the exile of Umberto II. The alliance lasted for a year.

Party		Votes	%	Seats
	Christian Democracy	8,101,004	35.21	207
	Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity	4,758,129	20.68	115
	Italian Communist Party	4,356,686	18.93	104
	National Democratic Union	1,560,638	6.78	41
	Common Man's Front	1,211,956	5.27	30
	Italian Republican Party	1,003,007	4.36	23
	National Bloc of Freedom	637,328	2.77	16
	Action Party	334,748	1.45	7
	Movement for the Independence of Sicily	171,201	0.74	4
	Peasants' Party of Italy	102,393	0.44	1
	Republican Democratic Concentration	97,690	0.42	2
	Sardinian Action Party	78,554	0.34	2
	Italian Unionist Movement	71,021	0.31	1
	Social Christian Party	51,088	0.22	1
	Labour Democratic Party	40,633	0.18	1
	National Reconstruction Movement	39,748	0.17	0
	Independent Democratic Union of Labour	36,398	0.16	0
	Italian Republican Alliance	34,363	0.15	0
	Italian Monarchical Alliance	30,505	0.13	0
	Italian Monarchical Democratic Movement	30,017	0.13	0
	Party of the Italian Veteran	24,764	0.11	0
	Internationalist Communist Party	22,644	0.10	0
	Republican Progressive Democratic Front[lower-alpha 1]	21,853	0.09	1
	National Concentration of Combatants and Veterans	21,570	0.09	0
	Union of Combatants, Partisans, Veterans and Prisoner Families	14,383	0.06	0
	National Union Party	12,746	0.06	0
	Fighters and Independents Group	12,165	0.05	0
	Patriotic Monarchist Renewing Party	11,098	0.05	0
	Sardinian League	10,499	0.05	0
	Sicilian Independent Labour Party	10,246	0.04	0
	National War Victims Union	10,236	0.04	0
	Veterans Partisans	8,690	0.04	0
	Independent Workers Movement	8,596	0.04	0
	Italian Pacifist League	6,333	0.03	0
	Independent Sicilians of the Left	5,706	0.02	0
	Union for the Renaissance of the South	5,373	0.02	0
	Italian Political Centre	5,063	0.02	0
	Italian Centre	4,516	0.02	0
	UDLLIDIM	4,207	0.02	0
	Italian Liberal Party	4,052	0.02	0
	Italian Labour Party	3,891	0.02	0
	Socialist Republican Party	3,611	0.02	0
	National Deployment	2,781	0.01	0
	Socialist Reformist Party	2,234	0.01	0
	Political Group of Italians from Sicily, Africa and the Mediterranean	1,995	0.01	0
	Garibaldian Antifascist Partisan Movement of Italy	1,922	0.01	0
	Independent Internationalist Communist Union	1,776	0.01	0
	Young Italy	985	0.00	0
	Italian Progressive Party	780	0.00	0
	Autonomous Republican Party	683	0.00	0
	General Confederation of Italian Feminists for Work	662	0.00	0
	Independents	17,312	0.08	0
Total		23,010,479	100.00	556
Valid votes		23,010,479	92.24
Invalid/blank votes		1,936,708	7.76
Total votes		24,947,187	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		28,005,449	89.08
Source: Ministry of Interior

Together with the election, a constitutional referendum took place. Italian electors chose whether to continue the reign of Umberto II of Italy or turn Italy into a republic. While all regions of northern Italy as far as Tuscany and Marches gave a majority to the republic, all regions of southern Italy to Lazio and Abruzzo voted to maintain the monarchy.