Itaguaí

The Port of Itaguai was opened as a deepwater port in 1982, primarily to export alumina and other minerals found in the Minas Gerais region. It includes ports of Itaguai, Sepetiba and Guaiba island.[9][10] The port of Sepetiba is located in the port of Itaguaí.[11] As of August 2018, the port accommodates large bulk carriers (170,000 deadweight).[12] The Port of Sepetiba is further divided into two administrative regions - Sepetiba Bay and Sepetiba terminal.[13]

The Port of Guaíba island (also known as Ilha Guaiba terminal),[14][15] located close by has separate terminals for exporting mineral ores, but is privately owned by the mining company Vale and comes under the authority of the Port of Itaguai (Rio de Janeiro).[16] Guaiba consists of deep water berths for loading the largest bulk carriers in the world, but has no residents and no road connections.[17] Iron ore reaches the terminal through a railway bridge that connects the island to the mainland, and further, to the Vale mines in Minas Gerais.[18] In March 2019, the port, which exports 40 million tonnes of iron ore each year, was closed by the local municipality due to excessive pollution and after the Brumadinho disaster in another mine in Brazil.[19] The closure was short though, as a court injunction was granted to Vale a day later and the port resumed operations.[20]