Iris orchioides

Iris orchioides, the 'orchid iris,'[2] is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Scorpiris. It is a bulbous perennial, from the mountains of Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan. It has dark green leaves, slender stems, up to three yellow flowers in spring. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris orchioides
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Iridaceae
Genus: Iris
Subgenus: Iris subg. Scorpiris
Section: Iris sect. Scorpiris
Species:
I. orchioides
Binomial name
Iris orchioides
Synonyms[1]

Juno orchioides (Carrière) Vved.

Description

Iris orchioides grows up to 15 to 30 cm (6 to 12 in) tall.[3] Its stem is hidden by channeled leaves until the flowers fade.[4] It has between 5-7,[5] dark green,[6] broad leaves that grow up to 6–8 inches tall.[5]

It has up to 3 yellow flowers on its stem.[7] The flowers vary in shading, from deep yellow[4] to creamy-yellow[5] to a translucent pale yellow, between March and May.[3]

It has a big winged haft (the narrow constricted part of the standards (petals) and falls (sepals) near the center of the iris flower)[7] which are about 2-cm (1") wide.[4] It also has hairs on the ridge of the falls (which are very similar in look to a beard (of a bearded iris).[7] It has standards are 1/2 inches wide and linear.[5]

It has cylindrical capsules and seeds without arils.[8] These are similar to Iris bucharica and Iris warleyensis have cubiform seeds,[9]

Taxonomy

It is commonly called the 'orchid iris'.[2]

It is called 'Ukrop' in its native Kazakh.[10]

It was first published and described by (French botanist) Élie-Abel Carrière in 'Revue Horticole'(Paris) in 1880).[11]

It was listed in 1995 in 'Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (the former USSR)' by Czerepanov, S. K.[12]

Iris orchioides is an accepted name by the RHS.[2]

It is often mistakenly, to be a yellow form of Iris bucharica[3] or Iris tienshanica (a synonym of Iris loczyi (Kanitz.))[1] also from Kazakhstan).[10]

'Iris orchioides var. caerulea' (Baker) is a synonym of Iris vicaria (Vved.).[1]

It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 2 October 2014.[13]

It is listed in the Encyclopedia of Life.[14]

Iris orchioides is an accepted name by the RHS.[2]

Distribution and habitat

It is native to temperate Asia.[13]

Range

It is found in the mountains of Central Asia.[3] It has been found in Tashkent in Uzbekistan[6] and Kyrgyzstan.[4][13]

Habitat

It likes the stoney soils of the foothills.[8]

Cultivation

It is hardy to USDA Zone 5.[5]

It is best grown in an alpine house of bulb frame.[4]

It prefers to grow in full sun.[5]

Known cultivars
  • Iris orchioides 'Sulphurea'

Found in 1990, has canary-yellow flowers.[15]

  • Iris orchioides 'Khirghizian Gold'[16]

Toxicity

Like many other irises, most parts of the plant are poisonous (rhizome and leaves), if mistakenly ingested can cause stomach pains and vomiting. Also handling the plant may cause a skin irritation or an allergic reaction.[17]

References
  1. "Juno orchioides". www.theplantlist.org. Retrieved 29 August 2014.
  2. "Iris orchioides Carrière". www.rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 13 August 2014.
  3. Austin, Claire (2005). Irises: A Gardener's Encyclopedia. Timber Press, Incorporated. ISBN 978-0881927306. OL 8176432M.
  4. "IRIS FLEUR-DE-LYS Iridaceae (Iris family)". www.hillkeep.ca. 12 May 2008. Retrieved 23 August 2014.
  5. "Iris cycloglossa". navigate.botanicgardens.org (Denver Botanic Gardens). Retrieved 18 August 2014.
  6. "Iris orchioides". www.signa.org (Species Iris Group of North America). Retrieved 28 August 2014.
  7. "North American Rock Garden Society Fall Newsletter" (PDF). September 2006. Retrieved 29 August 2014.
  8. British Iris Society (1997)A Guide to Species Irises: Their Identification and Cultivation , p. 255, at Google Books
  9. Dykes, W.R. (1976). A handbook of Garden Irises. London: Martin Hopkinson Company Ltd. p. 89. ISBN 978-0913728086. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
  10. Anna PavordThe Naming of Names: The Search for Order in the World of Plants at Google Books
  11. "Iris orchioides". apps.kew.org. Retrieved 29 August 2014.
  12. Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (the former USSR), p. 281, at Google Books
  13. "Iris orchioides". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 19 September 2015.
  14. "Iris orchioides". eol.org. Retrieved 19 September 2015.
  15. "(Spec) 'Orchioides Sulphurea [sic]'". wiki.irises.org. 3 December 2013. Retrieved 29 August 2014.
  16. "Iris a orchioides KHIRGHIZIAN GOLD (Code: 386)". rarebulbs.lv. 2013. Retrieved 29 August 2014.
  17. David G Spoerke and Susan C. SmolinskeToxicity of Houseplants, p. 236, at Google Books

Other sources
  • Czerepanov, S. K. 1995. Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (the former USSR). [= Juno orchioides (Carrière) Vved.].
  • Khassanov, F. O. & N. Rakhimova. 2012. Taxonomic revision of the genus Iris L. (Iridaceae Juss.) for the flora of Central Asia. Stapfia 97:177.
  • Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934–1964. Flora SSSR.
  • Mathew, B. 1981. The Iris. 157–158.
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