Internal Princess Consort Hanchang

Internal Princess Consort Hanchang of the Hansan Yi clan (hangul: 한창부부인 이씨, hanja: 韓昌府夫人 李氏; 1818 — 30 November 1874) was wife of Internal Prince Yeoseong and the mother of Empress Myeongseong, also the maternal grandmother of Emperor Sunjong of Korea.[1] She was killed in a bombing assassination in 1874 for political reasons by Heungseon Daewongun. Her death intensified the feud between him and her daughter.

In this Korean name, the family name is Yi.
Internal Princess Consort Hanchang
Hangul
한창부부인 이씨
Hanja
韓昌府夫人 李氏
Revised RomanizationHanchang bubuin Yissi
McCune–ReischauerHanch'ang pubuin Yissi

Biography

Lady Hanchang was born into the aristocratic Hansan Yi clan in 1818 as the daughter of Yi Gyu-nyeon, and his wife, Lady Kim of the Andong Kim clan.

After her future husband’s first wife, Lady Oh of the Haeju Oh clan, died in 1833, Lady Yi was arranged to marry Min Chi-rok of the Yeoheung Min clan in 1836 as his second wife. At the time of the marriage, Lady Yi was 18 and Min was 37.

It is unknown what year she gave birth to her son and two daughters, but her 3 children all died prematurely. It wasn’t until when Lady Yi was 33 and Min was 52 years old, that they managed to have a child. Lady Yi gave birth to the future Queen Consort on 17 November 1851 (18 October 1851 in lunar calendar).[2] They named their only child, Min Ja-yeong (민자영, 閔玆暎).[3]

Her husband died with an illness while he was in Sado City on 17 September 1858. This led to Lady Yi and her daughter to move from Seomark-ri, Geundong-myeon, Yeoju to the House of Gamgodang (Hangul: 감고당, Hanja: 感古堂),[4] where her husband’s relatives lived. Lady Yi then raised her daughter for 8 years along with her in-laws, until her daughter was 16 years old, moved to the palace and became queen. When living with her in-laws in Gamgodang, it was decided in 1861 that Min Seung-ho would be her adoptive son as it was believed at the time that only males could continue the family line.

When King Gojong’s father, Heungseon Daewongun, was looking for a bride, royal relatives of the Yeoheung Min clan had suggested Min Chi-rok’s and Lady Yi’s daughter, Min Jayeong. Her daughter eventually married King Gojong in 20 March 1866 as his Queen Consort.

When her daughter became Queen Consort, Lady Yi was posthumously honored as “Internal Princess Consort Hanchang” (한창부부인),[5][6][7] and her husband was also honored as “Min Chi-rok, Internal Prince Yeoseong” and was appointed as Yeonguijeong after his death.

When Queen Min was expecting in 1871 and 1873, and as per Royal custom for childbirth, Lady Yi was brought into Gyeongbok Palace’s Gyotae Hall to help ease her daughter’s delivery.[8][9] With both pregnancies bringing a loss, Lady Yi was once again brought to the palace. This time to Changdeok Palace’s Daejo Hall where she able to see the birth of her only grandson, Crown Prince Yi Cheok, on 25 March 1874.

She later died from a political bombing assassination on 30 November 1874 along with her adoptive son, Min Seung-ho.[10][11]

Isabella Bird, a British explorer and writer, wrote about the assassination in her 1898 book Korea and Her Neighbours:[12]

"She had cut many lives short, but in doing so she had not violated Korean tradition and custom, and some excuse for her lies in the fact that soon after the King's accession his father sent to the house of Her Majesty's brother an infernal machine in a shape of a beautiful box, which on being opened exploded, killing her mother, her brother, and her nephew, as well as some others. Since then he (Heungseon Daewongun) plotted against the Queen's own life, and the feud between them was usually at fever heat."

After her death, her daughter and her father-in-law were constantly against one another in politics. The Empress had a few life attempts from then on, but it wasn’t until the early morning on 8 October 1895 that she died from an assassination at the age of 43.

Family
  • Father
    • Yi Gyu-nyeon (이규년, 李圭年)
  • Mother
  • Husband
    • Min Chi-rok (민치록, 閔致祿) (1799 – 17 September 1858)
      • Father-in-law - Min Gi-hyeon (민기현, 閔耆顯) (1751 – 1 August 1811); was appointed to Kaeseong Ministry
      • Mother-in-law - Lady Jeong of the Yeonil Jeong clan (본관: 연일 정씨, 延日 鄭氏) (1773 - 9 March 1838); Min Gi-hyeon’s third wife
  • Children
    • Unnamed son
    • Unnamed daughter
    • Unnamed daughter
    • Adoptive son - Min Seung-ho (민승호, 閔升鎬) (1830 - 30 November 1874)[13]
      • Adoptive daughter-in-law - Lady Kim of the Gwangsan Kim clan (본관: 광산 김씨, 光山 金氏) (? - ? 23 April); Min Seung-ho's first wife
        • Unnamed adoptive grandson (? - 1874)
        • Adoptive grandson - Min Yeong-ik (민영익, 閔泳翊) (1860-1914);[14] eldest son of Min Tae-ho (1834-1884)
      • Adoptive daughter-in-law - Lady Kim of the Yeonan Kim clan (본관: 연안 김씨, 延安 金氏) (? - ? 11 February); Min Seung-ho’s second wife
      • Adoptive daughter-in-law - Lady Yi of the Deoksu Yi clan (본관: 덕수 이씨, 德水 李氏) (? - ? 1 July); Min Seung-ho’s third wife
    • Daughter - Empress Myeongseong of the Yeoheung Min clan (명성황후 민씨) (17 November 1851 - 8 October 1895)
      • Son-in-law - Emperor Gojong of Korea (고종 광무제) (9 September 1852 - 21 January 1919)
        • Unnamed grandson (4 November 1871 - 8 November 1871)
        • Unnamed granddaughter (13 February 1873 - 28 September 1873)
        • Grandson - Emperor Sunjong of Korea (25 March 1874 – 24 April 1926)
        • Unnamed grandson (5 April 1875 - 18 April 1875)
        • Unnamed grandson (18 February 1878 - 5 June 1878)

References
  1. "조선왕조실록". National Institute of Korean History (in Korean).
  2. "열성황후왕비세보(列聖皇后王妃世譜)". 디지털 장서각. Retrieved 2021-01-28.
  3. Empress Myeongseong and the Korean Empire, Pg. 18-20 (《명성황후와 대한제국》, 18~20쪽)
  4. The house that King Sukjong built for Queen Inhyeon’s father
  5. 음서로 벼슬에 올라 장악원과 사도시의 첨정을 지냈으며, 딸이 왕비로 간택되면서 영의정에 추증되고 여성부원군(驪城府院君)에 추봉되었다
  6. 한영우, 24쪽 ~ 27쪽에서
  7. 지두환, 241쪽
  8. Kim Jiyoung; Fertility and Childbirth among Royal Women in Nineteenth-Century, Pg. 96
  9. Kim Jiyoung; Fertility and Childbirth in Nineteenth-Century Korea, Pg. 98-99
  10. Oh, Yeong-Seop (2007). 《한국 근현대사를 수놓은 인물들(1)》. p. 315.
  11. Min Seung-ho, Min Seung-ho's son, and his adoptive mother, Gamgodang Hansan Yi, all died on the spot.
  12. Bird Bishop, Isabella. Korea and Her Neighbours. Revell. p. 255.
  13. Younger brother of Grand Internal Princess Consort Sunmok
  14. Older brother of Empress Sunmyeong
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