List of Major League Baseball pitchers who have thrown an immaculate inning

An immaculate inning occurs in baseball when a pitcher strikes out all three batters he faces in one inning using the minimum possible number of pitches: nine.[1] This has happened 114 times in Major League history and has been accomplished by 104 pitchers (79 right-handed and 25 left-handed).

A smiling man in a white baseball jersey and dark baseball cap with an interlocked white "LA" on the front.
A man in a grey baseball uniform with "Boston" on the front throws a pitch.
A man in a dark blue baseball jersey with a curly "W" on his cap throws a pitch.
Sandy Koufax, left, Chris Sale, and Max Scherzer are the only pitchers to achieve an immaculate inning three times.

Major League Baseball's first immaculate inning was accomplished by John Clarkson of the Boston Beaneaters against the Philadelphia Quakers on June 4, 1889;[2] and the most recent by Johan Oviedo of the Pittsburgh Pirates on May 24, 2023. Use of the term "immaculate inning" first appeared in newspaper reporting after 2000.[3]

Seven pitchers have accomplished the feat more than once, including Hall-of-Famers Lefty Grove, Sandy Koufax, Nolan Ryan, and Randy Johnson, and active pitchers Chris Sale, Max Scherzer, and Kevin Gausman. Koufax, Sale, and Scherzer are the only pitchers to achieve an immaculate inning three times. Koufax accomplished his first immaculate inning while throwing his first no-hitter, becoming the only player to do both in a single game.[4][5][6][7]

Five pitchers – Bob Gibson, Johnson, Pedro Martínez, Ryan, and Scherzer – are also members of the 3,000-strikeout club.[8] Sloppy Thurston, Ryan, Wade Miley, Thomas Pannone, Reid Detmers, and Hayden Wesneski are the only rookies to have achieved the feat.[9][10][11][12] Ryan and Gausman have struck out three batters on nine pitches in both the American League and National League.[13]

Danny Jackson is the sole player to pitch an immaculate inning in the World Series:[14] the seventh inning of Game 5 of the 1985 World Series; it is also the only immaculate inning thrown in a postseason game. Jackson pitched a complete game, winning 6–1 and staving off elimination for the Kansas City Royals, who eventually won the series in seven games.

While an immaculate inning typically occurs with the bases empty, a nine-pitch, three-strikeout performance can also be accomplished by a relief pitcher who enters the game with one or more runners on base. On May 8, 2014, Brad Boxberger of the Tampa Bay Rays entered a game against the Baltimore Orioles with the bases loaded and proceeded to strike out the side with nine pitches.[15] No player has ever struck out four batters on 12 pitches in an inning, with one of those batters reaching base on an uncaught third strike.

No pitcher has thrown more than one immaculate inning in a game. Jesús Sánchez of the Florida Marlins came within one pitch of that feat on September 13, 1998. Facing the Atlanta Braves, Sánchez struck out the side in the bottom of the second inning on 10 pitches, threw an immaculate inning in the bottom of the third inning,[16] and struck out the first batter he faced in the fourth: seven consecutive strikeouts on 25 pitches.[16] Just one game has seen two pitchers throw immaculate innings: on June 15, 2022, Phil Maton and Luis Garcia of the Houston Astros struck out the same three Rangers batters in different innings.[17]

Frequency by decade
Billy Hoeft's immaculate inning in 1953 was the first in 25 seasons.
Brandon McCarthy threw the seventh and final immaculate inning of 2014.

The frequency of immaculate innings has varied widely throughout baseball history. There were only 31 immaculate innings in the 114 Major League seasons from 1876 to 1989, but another 31 in the 20 seasons from 1990 to 2009. The pace has since picked up even more, with 43 immaculate innings in the 12 seasons from 2010 to 2021.

Decade Immaculate innings
Number Cumulative
1880s11
1890s01
1900s12
1910s13
1920s58
1930s08
1940s08
1950s311
1960s819
1970s827
1980s431
1990s1748
2000s1462
2010s3799
2020s15114

Players
Key
Pitcher (X) Name of the pitcher (number of immaculate innings they had pitched at that point, if more than one)
Date Date of the game
Team The pitcher's team at the time of the game
Opposing team The team against whom the pitcher struck out three batters on nine pitches
Inning The inning in which the pitcher struck out three batters on nine pitches
Batters faced (X) The batters who were struck out (number of immaculate innings they had struck out in at that point, if more than one)
Box Box score with play by play, if available
† Pitcher has been elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame
‡ Pitcher is active[lower-alpha 1]
(d)
 Immaculate inning is disputed
MLB pitchers who have thrown an immaculate inning
Pitcher Date Team Opposing team Inning Batters faced Box
John Clarkson† June 4, 1889Boston BeaneatersPhiladelphia Quakers3rdJim Fogarty, Sam Thompson, Sid Farrarn/a
Rube Waddell† July 1, 1902Philadelphia AthleticsBaltimore Orioles3rdBilly Gilbert, Harry Howell, John Croninn/a
Pat Ragan October 5, 1914Brooklyn DodgersBoston Braves8thPossum Whitted, Butch Schmidt, Red Smithn/a
Joe Oeschger September 8, 1921Boston BravesPhiladelphia Phillies4thBevo LeBourveau, Cy Williams, Ed Konetchyn/a
Sloppy Thurston August 22, 1923Chicago White SoxPhiladelphia Athletics12thBeauty McGowan, Chick Galloway, Sammy Hale[18]
Dazzy Vance† September 14, 1924Brooklyn RobinsCincinnati Reds3rdSam Bohne, Bubbles Hargrave, Eppa Rixey[19]
Lefty Grove†(d)[lower-alpha 2] August 23, 1928Philadelphia AthleticsCleveland Indians2ndEd Morgan, Luther Harvel, Martin Autry[20]
Lefty Grove† (2) September 27, 1928Philadelphia AthleticsChicago White Sox7thMoe Berg, Tommy Thomas, Johnny Mostil[22]
Billy Hoeft September 7, 1953Detroit TigersChicago White Sox7thJim Rivera, Mike Fornieles, Chico Carrasquel[23]
Robin Roberts† April 17, 1956Philadelphia PhilliesBrooklyn Dodgers6thCarl Furillo, Charlie Neal, Sandy Amorós[24]
Jim Bunning† August 2, 1959Detroit TigersBoston Red Sox9thSammy White, Jim Mahoney, Ike Delock[25]
Sandy Koufax† June 30, 1962Los Angeles DodgersNew York Mets1stRichie Ashburn, Rod Kanehl, Félix Mantilla[26]
Sandy Koufax† (2) April 19, 1963Los Angeles DodgersHouston Colt .45s5thBob Aspromonte, Jim Campbell, Turk Farrell[27]
Tony Cloninger June 15, 1963Milwaukee BravesPhiladelphia Phillies8thTony González, Clay Dalrymple, Rubén Amaro[28]
Sandy Koufax† (3) April 18, 1964Los Angeles DodgersCincinnati Reds3rdLeo Cárdenas, Johnny Edwards, Jim Maloney[29]
Bob Bruce April 19, 1964Houston Colt .45sSt. Louis Cardinals8thBill White, Charlie James, Ken Boyer[30]
Al Downing August 11, 1967New York YankeesCleveland Indians2ndTony Horton, Don Demeter, Duke Sims[31]
Nolan Ryan† April 19, 1968New York MetsLos Angeles Dodgers3rdClaude Osteen, Wes Parker, Zoilo Versalles[32]
Bob Gibson† May 12, 1969St. Louis CardinalsLos Angeles Dodgers7thLen Gabrielson, Paul Popovich, John Miller[33]
Bill Wilson July 6, 1971Philadelphia PhilliesAtlanta Braves8thDarrell Evans, Hal King, Earl Williams[34]
John Strohmayer July 10, 1971Montreal ExposPhiladelphia Phillies5thMike Ryan, Woodie Fryman, Denny Doyle[35]
Milt Pappas September 24, 1971Chicago CubsPhiladelphia Phillies4thGreg Luzinski, Don Money, Mike Anderson[36]
Nolan Ryan† (2) July 9, 1972California AngelsBoston Red Sox2ndCarlton Fisk, Bob Burda, Juan Beníquez[37]
Bruce Sutter† September 8, 1977Chicago CubsMontreal Expos9thEllis Valentine, Gary Carter, Larry Parrish[38]
Pedro Borbón June 23, 1979Cincinnati RedsSan Francisco Giants9thMike Sadek, Gary Lavelle, Billy North[39]
Lynn McGlothen August 25, 1979Chicago CubsSan Francisco Giants3rdLarry Herndon, Joe Strain, Jack Clark[40]
Joey McLaughlin September 11, 1979Atlanta BravesSan Francisco Giants7thLarry Herndon (2), Greg Johnston, Johnnie LeMaster[41]
Ron Guidry August 7, 1984New York YankeesChicago White Sox9thCarlton Fisk (2), Tom Paciorek, Greg Luzinski (2)[42]
Danny Jackson October 24, 1985Kansas City RoyalsSt. Louis Cardinals7thTerry Pendleton, Tom Nieto, Brian Harper[14]
Jeff Robinson September 7, 1987Pittsburgh PiratesChicago Cubs8thLeon Durham, Andre Dawson, Rafael Palmeiro[43]
Rob Dibble June 4, 1989Cincinnati RedsSan Diego Padres8thCarmelo Martínez, Mark Parent, Garry Templeton[44]
Jeff Montgomery April 29, 1990Kansas City RoyalsTexas Rangers8thPete Incaviglia, Geno Petralli, Thad Bosley[45]
Andy Ashby June 15, 1991Philadelphia PhilliesCincinnati Reds4thHal Morris, Todd Benzinger, Jeff Reed[46]
David Cone August 30, 1991New York MetsCincinnati Reds5thHerm Winningham, Randy Myers, Mariano Duncan[47]
Pete Harnisch September 6, 1991Houston AstrosPhiladelphia Phillies7thWes Chamberlain, Dickie Thon, José DeJesús[48]
Trevor Wilson June 7, 1992San Francisco GiantsHouston Astros9thJeff Bagwell, Eric Anthony, Rafael Ramírez[49]
Mel Rojas May 11, 1994Montreal ExposNew York Mets9thDavid Segui, Todd Hundley, Jeff McKnight[50]
Stan Belinda August 6, 1994Kansas City RoyalsSeattle Mariners9thEric Anthony (2), Chris Howard, Luis Sojo[51]
Todd Worrell August 13, 1995Los Angeles DodgersPittsburgh Pirates9thMark Johnson, Angelo Encarnación, Steve Pegues[52]
Mike Magnante August 22, 1997Houston AstrosColorado Rockies9thEllis Burks, Harvey Pulliam, Jeff Reed (2)[53]
Doug Jones September 23, 1997Milwaukee BrewersKansas City Royals9thJohnny Damon, Scott Cooper, Rod Myers[54]
Jimmy Key April 14, 1998Baltimore OriolesChicago White Sox2ndRobin Ventura, Magglio Ordóñez, Ray Durham[55]
Mike Mussina†(d) May 9, 1998Baltimore OriolesTampa Bay Devil Rays9thFred McGriff, Paul Sorrento, Rich Butler[56]
Orel Hershiser June 16, 1998San Francisco GiantsColorado Rockies4thEllis Burks (2), Vinny Castilla, Todd Helton[57]
Randy Johnson†(d)[lower-alpha 3] September 2, 1998Houston AstrosAtlanta Braves6thJavy López, Andruw Jones, Greg Colbrunn[59]
Jesús Sánchez September 13, 1998Florida MarlinsAtlanta Braves3rdTony Graffanino, Greg Maddux, Walt Weiss[16]
Shane Reynolds July 15, 1999Houston AstrosDetroit Tigers1stJuan Encarnación, Brad Ausmus, Bobby Higginson[60]
B. J. Ryan September 5, 1999Baltimore OriolesCleveland Indians6thManny Ramirez, Jim Thome, Richie Sexson[61]
Randy Johnson† (2) August 23, 2001Arizona DiamondbacksPittsburgh Pirates6thTony McKnight, Gary Matthews Jr., Jack Wilson[62]
Jason Isringhausen April 13, 2002St. Louis CardinalsHouston Astros9thDaryle Ward, José Vizcaíno, Julio Lugo[63]
Byung-Hyun Kim May 11, 2002Arizona DiamondbacksPhiladelphia Phillies8thScott Rolen, Mike Lieberthal, Pat Burrell[64]
Pedro Martínez† May 18, 2002Boston Red SoxSeattle Mariners1stIchiro Suzuki, Mark McLemore, Rubén Sierra[65]
Brian Lawrence June 12, 2002San Diego PadresBaltimore Orioles3rdBrook Fordyce, Jerry Hairston Jr., Melvin Mora[66]
Brandon Backe April 15, 2004Houston AstrosMilwaukee Brewers8thBill Hall, Scott Podsednik, Craig Counsell[67]
Ben Sheets June 13, 2004Milwaukee BrewersHouston Astros3rdPete Munro, Craig Biggio, José Vizcaíno (2)[68]
LaTroy Hawkins September 11, 2004Chicago CubsFlorida Marlins9thJeff Conine, Juan Encarnación (2), Álex González[69]
Rick Helling June 20, 2006Milwaukee BrewersDetroit Tigers1stCurtis Granderson, Plácido Polanco, Iván Rodríguez[70]
Buddy Carlyle July 6, 2007Atlanta BravesSan Diego Padres4thKhalil Greene, Russell Branyan, José Cruz Jr.[71]
Rich Harden June 8, 2008Oakland AthleticsLos Angeles Angels1stMaicer Izturis, Howie Kendrick, Garret Anderson[72]
Félix Hernández June 17, 2008Seattle MarinersFlorida Marlins4thJeremy Hermida, Jorge Cantú, Mike Jacobs[73]
A. J. Burnett June 20, 2009New York YankeesFlorida Marlins3rdJosh Johnson, Chris Coghlan, Emilio Bonifacio[74]
Ross Ohlendorf September 5, 2009Pittsburgh PiratesSt. Louis Cardinals7thKhalil Greene (2), Julio Lugo (2), Jason LaRue[75]
Rafael Soriano August 23, 2010Tampa Bay RaysLos Angeles Angels9thErick Aybar, Mike Napoli, Peter Bourjos[76]
Jordan Zimmermann May 6, 2011Washington NationalsFlorida Marlins2ndGiancarlo Stanton, Greg Dobbs, John Buck[77]
Juan Pérez July 8, 2011Philadelphia PhilliesAtlanta Braves10thJason Heyward, Nate McLouth, Wilkin Ramírez[78]
Clay Buchholz August 16, 2012Boston Red SoxBaltimore Orioles6thAdam Jones, Matt Wieters, Chris Davis[79]
Wade Miley‡ October 1, 2012Arizona DiamondbacksColorado Rockies3rdJonathan Herrera, Drew Pomeranz, Josh Rutledge[80]
Iván Nova May 29, 2013New York YankeesNew York Mets8thIke Davis, Mike Baxter, Rubén Tejada[81]
Steve Delabar July 30, 2013Toronto Blue JaysOakland Athletics8thAdam Rosales, Coco Crisp, Chris Young[82]
Brad Boxberger‡ May 8, 2014Tampa Bay RaysBaltimore Orioles6thSteve Pearce, Jonathan Schoop, Caleb Joseph[83]
Cole Hamels May 17, 2014Philadelphia PhilliesCincinnati Reds3rdZack Cozart, Brandon Phillips, Todd Frazier[84]
Justin Masterson June 2, 2014Cleveland IndiansBoston Red Sox4thJonny Gomes, Grady Sizemore, Stephen Drew[85]
Garrett Richards‡ June 4, 2014Los Angeles AngelsHouston Astros2ndJon Singleton, Matt Dominguez, Chris Carter[86]
Rex Brothers June 14, 2014Colorado RockiesSan Francisco Giants8thMichael Morse, Brandon Crawford, Gregor Blanco[87]
Carlos Contreras July 11, 2014Cincinnati RedsPittsburgh Pirates7thJordy Mercer, Jeff Locke, Gregory Polanco[88]
Brandon McCarthy September 17, 2014New York YankeesTampa Bay Rays7thWil Myers, Nick Franklin, Matt Joyce[89]
Mike Fiers May 7, 2015Milwaukee BrewersLos Angeles Dodgers4thEnrique Hernández, Carlos Frías, Joc Pederson[90]
Santiago Casilla May 17, 2015San Francisco GiantsCincinnati Reds9thMarlon Byrd, Brandon Phillips (2), Jay Bruce[91]
Juan Nicasio July 4, 2016Pittsburgh PiratesSt. Louis Cardinals8thStephen Piscotty, Jhonny Peralta, Yadier Molina[92]
Drew Storen April 18, 2017Cincinnati RedsBaltimore Orioles9thJonathan Schoop (2), J. J. Hardy, Hyun-soo Kim[93]
Craig Kimbrel‡ May 11, 2017Boston Red SoxMilwaukee Brewers9thHernán Pérez, Travis Shaw, Domingo Santana[94]
Max Scherzer‡ May 14, 2017Washington NationalsPhiladelphia Phillies5thCésar Hernández, Odúbel Herrera, Aaron Altherr[95]
Kenley Jansen‡ May 18, 2017Los Angeles DodgersMiami Marlins9thDerek Dietrich, J. T. Riddle, Ichiro Suzuki (2)[96]
Carlos Carrasco‡ July 7, 2017Cleveland IndiansDetroit Tigers5thNicholas Castellanos, Mikie Mahtook, José Iglesias[97]
Dellin Betances August 2, 2017New York YankeesDetroit Tigers8thJim Adduci, Justin Upton, Miguel Cabrera[98]
José Alvarado‡ August 4, 2017Tampa Bay RaysMilwaukee Brewers9thTravis Shaw (2), Jesús Aguilar, Hernán Pérez (2)[99]
Rick Porcello August 9, 2017Boston Red SoxTampa Bay Rays5thTrevor Plouffe, Wilson Ramos, Mallex Smith[100]
Kevin Gausman‡ April 23, 2018Baltimore OriolesCleveland Indians7thYonder Alonso, Yan Gomes, Bradley Zimmer[101]
Max Scherzer‡ (2) June 5, 2018Washington NationalsTampa Bay Rays6thJohnny Field, Christian Arroyo, Daniel Robertson[102]
Germán Márquez‡ August 8, 2018Colorado RockiesPittsburgh Pirates4thCorey Dickerson, Starling Marte, Gregory Polanco (2)[103]
Zac Rosscup‡ August 19, 2018Los Angeles DodgersSeattle Mariners9thKyle Seager, Ryon Healy, Cameron Maybin[104]
Josh Hader‡ March 30, 2019Milwaukee BrewersSt. Louis Cardinals9thTyler O'Neill, Dexter Fowler, Yairo Muñoz[105]
Thomas Pannone April 14, 2019Toronto Blue JaysTampa Bay Rays5thAvisaíl García, Brandon Lowe, Daniel Robertson (2)[106]
Chris Sale‡ May 8, 2019Boston Red SoxBaltimore Orioles7thHanser Alberto, Dwight Smith Jr., Steve Wilkerson[107]
Chris Sale‡ (2) June 5, 2019Boston Red SoxKansas City Royals8thKelvin Gutiérrez, Nicky Lopez, Martin Maldonado[108]
Stephen Strasburg‡ July 3, 2019Washington NationalsMiami Marlins4thGarrett Cooper, Neil Walker, Starlin Castro[109]
Kevin Gausman‡ (2) August 18, 2019Cincinnati RedsSt. Louis Cardinals9thYairo Muñoz (2), Dexter Fowler (2), Tommy Edman[110]
Chris Martin‡ September 11, 2019Atlanta BravesPhiladelphia Phillies7thCésar Hernández (2), Jay Bruce (2), Logan Morrison[111]
Will Harris‡ September 27, 2019Houston AstrosLos Angeles Angels8thKaleb Cowart, Matt Thaiss, Michael Hermosillo[112]
Zach Plesac‡ September 18, 2020Cleveland IndiansDetroit Tigers2ndJorge Bonifacio, Niko Goodrum, Austin Romine[113]
Kyle Finnegan‡ May 5, 2021Washington NationalsAtlanta Braves6thAustin Riley, Dansby Swanson, William Contreras[114]
Michael King‡ June 4, 2021New York YankeesBoston Red Sox4thHunter Renfroe, Marwin Gonzalez, Christian Vázquez[115]
Chad Green‡ July 4, 2021New York YankeesNew York Mets7thMichael Conforto, Jeff McNeil, Jonathan Villar[116]
Chris Sale‡ (3) August 26, 2021Boston Red SoxMinnesota Twins3rdNick Gordon, Andrelton Simmons, Rob Refsnyder[117]
Max Scherzer‡ (3) September 12, 2021Los Angeles DodgersSan Diego Padres2ndFernando Tatís Jr., Eric Hosmer, Tommy Pham[118]
Nestor Cortes Jr.‡ April 17, 2022New York YankeesBaltimore Orioles4thRobinson Chirinos, Chris Owings, Kelvin Gutiérrez (2)[119]
Luis García‡ June 15, 2022Houston AstrosTexas Rangers2ndNathaniel Lowe (2), Ezequiel Durán (2), Brad Miller (2)[120]
Phil Maton‡ 7th
Reid Detmers‡ July 31, 2022Los Angeles AngelsTexas Rangers2ndEzequiel Durán (3), Kole Calhoun, Charlie Culberson[121]
Ryan Helsley‡ September 16, 2022St. Louis CardinalsCincinnati Reds9thKyle Farmer, Jake Fraley, Donovan Solano[121]
Hayden Wesneski‡ September 22, 2022Chicago CubsPittsburgh Pirates5thJack Suwinski, Zack Collins, Jason Delay[121]
Enyel De Los Santos‡ September 27, 2022Cleveland GuardiansTampa Bay Rays7thChristian Bethancourt, Jose Siri, Taylor Walls[122]
Colin Holderman‡ May 4, 2023Pittsburgh PiratesTampa Bay Rays7thTaylor Walls (2), Luke Raley, Christian Bethancourt (2)[123]
Johan Oviedo‡ May 24, 2023Pittsburgh PiratesTexas Rangers4thJosh Smith, Robbie Grossman, Jonah Heim[124]

See also

Notes
  1. A player is considered inactive if he has announced his retirement or has not played professionally for a full season.
  2. The game play-by-play[20] and contemporary newspaper report[21] for the game of August 23, 1928, show that Lefty Grove first allowed a single to Homer Summa in the second inning before striking out the next three batters (Morgan, Harvel, Autry) on nine consecutive pitches; this is inconsistent with the present-day usage of "immaculate inning" where only three batters are faced (each being struck out on three pitches) in the half-inning.
  3. An ESPN broadcast of the September 2, 1998 game indicated that Johnson had thrown a ball during Greg Colbrunn's at-bat, disqualifying as an immaculate inning by modern definition of a minimum of nine pitches thrown to accumulate three strikeouts.[58] It is still recognized on MLB's official website.

References

General

  • "Immaculate Innings: 9 Pitches – 9 Strikes – 3 Outs". Baseball-Almanac.com. Baseball Almanac. Retrieved April 28, 2013.
  • "Baseball Hall of Fame Inductees". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved May 3, 2013.
  • Eagle, Ed (August 19, 2018). "Immaculate innings: 3 strikeouts on 9 pitches". MLB.com. MLB Advanced Media. Retrieved January 24, 2019.

Specific

  1. "Immaculate Innings". Baseball Almanac.
  2. "Excelsior". The Boston Globe. June 5, 1889. p. 5. Retrieved April 27, 2013. (subscription required)
  3. Rodriguez, Juan C. (June 19, 2008). "Marlins Notebook: Rare feat". South Florida Sun Sentinel. Fort Lauderdale, Florida. p. 3C. Retrieved August 28, 2021 – via newspapers.com.
  4. Kovacevic, Dejan (September 5, 2009). "Ohlendorf fans 11, including immaculate inning, but Pirates lose". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved April 28, 2013.
  5. Topkin, Marc (August 25, 2010). "Soriano's latest feat is flawless". Tampa Bay Times. Archived from the original on 2010-08-28. Retrieved April 28, 2013.
  6. Matz, Eddie (June 20, 2018). "Max Scherzer becomes fifth ever with two career immaculate innings". ESPN. ESPN Internet Ventures. Retrieved January 24, 2019.
  7. Collier, Jamal (June 5, 2018). "Scherzer throws 2nd career immaculate inning". MLB.com. MLB Advanced Media. Retrieved January 24, 2019.
  8. "Career Leaders & Records for Strikeouts". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved December 1, 2010.
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  10. "Nolan Ryan Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved January 24, 2019.
  11. "Wade Miley Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved April 28, 2013.
  12. "Thomas Pannone Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved May 15, 2019.
  13. "Ryan, Nolan". National Baseball Hall of Fame. Retrieved April 28, 2013.
  14. "October 24, 1985 World Series Game 5, Royals at Cardinals Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. October 24, 1985. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  15. Mooney, Roger (May 10, 2014). "Notebook: Mr. K". The Tampa Tribune. p. 31. Retrieved August 28, 2021 – via newspapers.com.
  16. "September 13, 1998 Florida Marlins at Atlanta Braves Box Score and Play by Play". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. September 13, 1998. Retrieved June 4, 2014.
  17. "Houston Astros' Luis Garcia, Phil Maton first in recorded history to throw immaculate innings in one game". ESPN.com. June 15, 2022. Retrieved June 16, 2022.
  18. "Philadelphia Athletics 3, Chicago White Sox 2". Retrosheet. August 22, 1923. Retrieved August 26, 2021.
  19. "Brooklyn Robins 2, Cincinnati Reds 0". Retrosheet. September 14, 1924. Retrieved August 26, 2021.
  20. "Philadelphia Athletics 3, Cleveland Indians 1". Retrosheet. August 23, 1928. Retrieved August 26, 2021.
  21. "Grove Fans 8 As Macks Gain". The Baltimore Sun. August 24, 1928. p. 11. Retrieved August 27, 2021 – via newspapers.com.
  22. "Philadelphia Athletics 5, Chicago White Sox 3". Retrosheet. September 27, 1928. Retrieved August 26, 2021.
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  24. "April 17, 1956 Philadelphia Phillies at Brooklyn Dodgers Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. April 17, 1956. Retrieved June 4, 2014.
  25. "August 2, 1959 Boston Red Sox at Detroit Tigers Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. August 2, 1959. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  26. "June 30, 1962 New York Mets at Los Angeles Dodgers Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. June 30, 1962. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
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  30. "April 19, 1964 St. Louis Cardinals at Houston Colt .45's Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. April 19, 1964. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  31. "August 11, 1967 New York Yankees at Cleveland Indians Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. August 11, 1967. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  32. "April 19, 1968 Los Angeles Dodgers at New York Mets Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. April 19, 1968. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  33. "May 12, 1969 Los Angeles Dodgers at St. Louis Cardinals Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. May 12, 1969. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  34. "July 6, 1971 Philadelphia Phillies at Atlanta Braves Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. July 6, 1971. Retrieved June 4, 2014.
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  38. "September 8, 1977 Montreal Expos at Chicago Cubs Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. September 8, 1977. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
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  42. "August 7, 1984 Chicago White Sox at New York Yankees Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. August 7, 1984. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  43. "September 7, 1987 Pittsburgh Pirates at Chicago Cubs Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. September 7, 1987. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  44. "June 4, 1989 San Diego Padres at Cincinnati Reds Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. June 4, 1989. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  45. "April 29, 1990 Texas Rangers at Kansas City Royals Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. April 29, 1990. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  46. "June 15, 1991 Cincinnati Reds at Philadelphia Phillies Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. June 15, 1991. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  47. "August 30, 1991 New York Mets at Cincinnati Reds Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. August 30, 1991. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  48. "September 6, 1991 Philadelphia Phillies at Houston Astros Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. September 6, 1991. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  49. "June 7, 1992 Houston Astros at San Francisco Giants Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. June 7, 1992. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  50. "May 11, 1994 New York Mets at Montreal Expos Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. May 11, 1994. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  51. "August 6, 1994 Seattle Mariners at Kansas City Royals Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. August 6, 1994. Retrieved June 4, 2014.
  52. "August 13, 1995 Pittsburgh Pirates at Los Angeles Dodgers Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. August 13, 1995. Retrieved June 4, 2014.
  53. "August 22, 1997 Colorado Rockies at Houston Astros Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. August 22, 1997. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
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  55. "April 14, 1998 Chicago White Sox at Baltimore Orioles Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. April 14, 1998. Retrieved June 4, 2014.
  56. "May 9, 1998 Baltimore Orioles at Tampa Bay Devil Rays Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. May 9, 1998. Retrieved June 4, 2014.
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