IBM 9020

The IBM 9020 was an IBM System/360 computer adapted into a multiprocessor system for use by the U.S. FAA for Air Traffic Control.[1] Systems were installed in the FAA's 20 en route Air Route Traffic Control Centers (ARTCCs), beginning in the late 1960s.[2]^: 6 The U.K. CAA also installed a system in its London centre.[3] The IBM 9020A, for example, was based on the S/360-50 and the 9020D used two out of three or four S/360-65 processors for flight and radar data processing with two out of three S/360-50 processors providing input/output capability.[2]^: 4–5

A maximum configuration CCC/DCC complex contained 12 IBM S/360 mainframes. Not all FAA ARTCCs (Air Route Traffic Control Centers), of which there were 20, had the maximum configuration. This schematic shows the maximum configuration, with the mainframe boxes highlighted in blue.

There were three operational variants of the 9020 system: 9020A CCC (Central Computer Complex); 9020D CCC; and 9020E DCC (Display Channel Complex). All the 9020A CCCs were attached to a non-IBM display complex, while the 9020D CCCs could be attached to either a non-IBM display complex or to the IBM 9020E DCC. The 9020A and 9020D CCCs carried out flight and radar data processing but needed an attached display complex to provide a plan view display (PVD) to the air traffic controllers. The non-IBM display complex was the Raytheon 730 Computer Display Channel (CDC) in the U.S. and the Plessey Processed Radar Display System (PRDS) in the U.K.[4] The Raytheon CDC could drive a maximum of 60 PVDs. The five ARTCCs that exceeded this requirement were equipped with the IBM DCC which could drive up to 90 PVDs.

Initially three 9020 CCC variants were proposed, with different flight plan (FP) capacities: 9020A max 325 FPs; 9020B max 200 FPs; and 9020C max 100 FPs. In the event, only the 9020A was delivered, plus the later 9020D with a 650 FP capacity.

Each FAA ARTCC had a System Maintenance Monitor Console (SMMC) that brought together the status indications of the installed 9020 system(s) as well as related components, such as environmental systems and communications links.

A maximum configuration CCC/DCC complex contained 12 IBM S/360 mainframes. Not all FAA ARTCCs, of which there were 20, had the maximum configuration. The U.K. centre had a 9020D "Triplex" system with six IBM S/360s (three S/360-65s and three S/360-50s).

In addition to the 21 ARTCCs there were four sites with variously configured non-operational systems: 9020A, 9020D and 9020E support and development systems at the FAA's NAFEC; 9020A and 9020E training systems at the FAA Academy; a simplex 9020D support system co-located with the CAA's operational triplex 9020D London system, and a 9020A at Raytheon for testing their display system.

IBM 9020A system at the Jacksonville ARTCC.

IBM 9020D system at the London Air Traffic Control Centre.

Jacksonville ARTCC initially had a 9020A, which was replaced by a 9020D. The relocated 9020A remained at Jacksonville to become the hardware platform for the Central Flow Control Function within the FAA's Washington-based ATCSCC. It was renamed the Central Flow Control Computer and had a digital data link to the Washington command center.

On June 9, 1977, a treaty “IRAN - Aviation: Technical Assistance” [5] was signed between the FAA and the Civil Aviation Organization of Iran. Under the terms of the treaty the FAA would provide technical assistance to improve the Iranian National Airspace System. This assistance included the installation of a 9020D and 9020E and associated equipment at a cost of $29m (out of a total contract cost of $272m).[6] The treaty fell foul of the 1979 Iranian Islamic Revolution and the systems were never delivered.