Yi Ja-chun

Yi Ja-chun (20 January 1315 – 3 June 1361) or known by his Mongolian name Ulus Bukha (울루스부카, 吾魯思不花), was a minor military officer of the Yuan Empire who later transferred his allegiance to Goryeo and became the father of Yi Seonggye, founder of the Joseon Dynasty.

In this Korean name, the family name is Yi.
Yi Jachun
이자춘
李子春
King of Joseon (posthumously)
Darugachi
Reign1343–1356
Born20 January 1315
Aldongcheon Lake, Dongbuk-myeon, Kingdom of Goryeo (nowadays Gyeongheung-gun, Hamgyeongbuk-do)
Died3 June 1361 (aged 46)
Gwiju-dong, Hamheung-bu, Dongbuk-myeon, Kingdom of Goryeo (nowadays Yeongheung-gun, Hamgyeongnam-do)
Burial
Jeongneung tomb
Hamju County, South Hamgyeong Province, North Korea
SpouseLady Yi
Queen Uihye
Issue5 sons and 2 daughters
Posthumous name
  • First: King Hwan (환왕, 桓王; given in 1392 by King Taejo)
  • Last: King Yeonmu Seonghwan the Great (연무성환대왕, 淵武聖桓大王; given in 1411 by King Taejong)
Temple name
Hwanjo (환조, 桓祖)
HouseHouse of Jeonju Yi
FatherYi Chun
MotherLady, of the Munju Bak clan

Biography

Yi Ja-chun was a mingghan (chief of one thousand) of the Yuan Dynasty in Ssangseong Prefectures (雙城; present-day Kŭmya County, South Hamgyŏng Province, North Korea - territory which was then administered by the Mongol Empire as part of the terms of the vassaldom of Goryeo to the empire). After Ssangseong was annexed by Goryeo under King Gongmin, he migrated to Hamju and got promoted to manho (the equivalent of the Mongolian tümen, lit. ten thousand or chief of ten thousand). He married a Goryeo-Korean lady from Anbyeon, who became Queen Uihye, the mother of Yi Seong-gye. He died in Hamgyong in 1361.

Since he was glamorized by his descendants, descriptions of Yi Ja-chun's life tend to be contradictory to each other. For example, he is said to have risen to the rank of scholar-official. However, when he died, the king at the time expressed condolences for Ja-chun as if for scholar-officials, implying that Yi Ja-chun was not a scholar-official.

Family
  1. Lady, of the Hansan Yi clan (부인 한산이씨; d. 1333)
    1. Yi Won-gye, Grand Prince Wanpung (이원계 완풍대군; 1330–1388)
    2. Yi Cheon-gye, Grand Prince Yeongseong (이천계 영성대군; 1333–1376)
    3. Lady Yi (부인 이씨) – married Gang U (강우, 康祐)
  2. Queen Uihye of the Yeongheung Choe clan (의혜왕후 최씨)
    1. Yi Seong-gye, King Taejo of Joseon (이성계 조선 태조; 1335–1408)
    2. Princess Jeonghwa (정화공주)
  3. Lady Gim Goeumga (김고음가; d. 1404)
    1. Yi Hwa, Grand Prince Uian (이화 의안대군; 1348–1408)
  4. Unknown woman
    1. Yi Yeong (이영; d. 1394)

References

    See also


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