Huaniu

Huaniu (花牛), also known as Chinese Red Delicious is an apple cultivar originating from China. It is named after Huaniu town, Tianshui, where it was first planted as a hybrid of 10 varieties of apple trees, including Red Delicious, Golden Delicious and Ralls Janet in 1956.[1] In 1965, Huaniu farmers sent two boxes of apples to Chairman Mao to express their respect for him. Mao thanked the villagers, noting that he was very fond of the apple's taste. That same year, the apples were exported to Hong Kong. The name of the village of Huaniu was put on the box, and the apples were preferred over the US-imported Red Delicious. Since then, Huaniu apples have been well known in China.[2] The apple has a sweet taste comparable with Fuji apples.[3] The apples have a soluble solid contents of 12.5-14%, sugar content of 1.86%, and malic acid content of 0.08%.[4][5]

Huaniu
Unripe Huaniu apple
GenusMalus
Hybrid parentageRed Delicious; Ralls Genet; Golden Delicious
CultivarHuaniu
OriginHuaniu town, Maiji District, Tianshui (1956)
Huaniu apples being packed in Tianshui

It is nowadays grown in the southeast of Gansu province, around Tianshui[6][3][7] and in Shanxi.[8]

Black diamond

A variety of Huaniu apples called black diamond has a deep purple colour, owing to high ultraviolet light influx and lower temperature at night at its locale, Nyingchi, Tibet.[9]

References
  1. "花牛蘋果和蛇果的區別".
  2. "天水花牛蘋果、美國蛇果、日本富士堪稱世界三大著名蘋果品牌？".
  3. "花牛镇". www.maiji.gov.cn.
  4. "天水的花牛蘋果你了解多少！".
  5. "天水花牛蘋果".
  6. Xiaoying, Yao, et al. "Huaniu Apple in Southeast Gansu: The Correlation Between Yield and Quality and Meteorological Factors." Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 4 (2018): 20.
  7. Xuqing, You, and Sun Wenxiang. "Business Performance Evaluation of Huaniu Apple Enterprise in Tianshui Maiji District Based DEA Method." Forestry Economic Review 2 (2014): 15.
  8. Xiaobo, Z., & Jiewen, Z. (2008). Comparative analyses of apple aroma by a tin-oxide gas sensor array device and GC/MS. Food Chemistry, 107(1), 120–128. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.07.071
  9. "This extremely rare apple looks like something out of a fairy tale". TODAY.com.
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