Hops and cannabinoids

Research has shown that Humulus lupulus (the plant that makes hops) and Cannabis sativa (also called hemp and marijuana) are closely related,[1][lower-alpha 1] and it may be possible to create novel cultivars of hops that express valuable chemicals similar to commercial hemp. Both hops and cannabis contain terpenes and terpenoids; tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a terpenoid.[3][4] Hops lack the enzyme that could convert cannabigerolic acid into THC or CBD,[5] but it could be inserted using genetic engineering as was done in 2019 for yeast.[6][7]

Notes
  1. See also subsection titled "The incredibly parallel histories of cannabis and its closest relative, humulus (hop)" in Small (2016)[2]

See also

References
  1. Briggs et al. 2004, p. 228.
  2. Small 2016.
  3. Andre, Christelle M.; Hausman, Jean-Francois; Guerriero, Gea (2016), "Cannabis sativa: The Plant of the Thousand and One Molecules", Frontiers in Plant Science, 7 (19): 19, doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.00019, PMC 4740396, PMID 26870049
  4. Harbison, Martha (November 15, 2012), "BeerSci: What's The Connection Between Hops And Marijuana? Because they sure look and smell alike.", Popular Science
  5. Kaplan, Josh (July 12, 2018). "Does CBD Only Come From Cannabis and Hemp?". Leafly.
  6. Bushwick, Sophie (February 27, 2019). "Rising High: GM Yeast Generates Known and Novel Marijuana Compounds – Engineered microorganisms churn out THC, CBD and rarer, less-understood cannabis cousins". Scientific American.
  7. Luo, Xiaozhou; Reiter, Michael A.; d’Espaux, Leo; Wong, Jeff; Denby, Charles M.; Lechner, Anna; Zhang, unfeng; Grzybowski, Adrian T.; Harth, Simon; Lin, Weiyin; Lee, Hyunsu; Yu, Changhua; Shin, John; Deng, Kai; Benites, Veronica T.; Wang, George; Baidoo, Edward E. K.; Chen, Yan; Dev, Ishaan; Petzold, Christopher J.; Keasling, Jay D. (February 27, 2019), "Complete biosynthesis of cannabinoids and their unnatural analogues in yeast" (PDF), Nature, 567 (7746): 123–126, Bibcode:2019Natur.567..123L, doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0978-9, PMID 30814733, S2CID 71147445

Sources
  • Small, Ernest (November 2016). "Prehuman and early history of Cannabis sativa". Cannabis: A Complete Guide. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1498761635. OCLC 971400059.
  • Briggs, Dennis E.; Brookes, Peter A.; Stevens, Roger; Boulton, Chris A. (2004). "Hops – Botany". Brewing Science and Practice. Elsevier Science. pp. 228–230. OCLC 469858708.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.