Holy city

A holy city is a city important to the history or faith of a specific religion. Such cities may also contain at least one headquarters complex (often containing a religious edifice, seminary, shrine, residence of the leading cleric of the religion and/or chambers of the religious leadership's offices) which constitutes a major destination of human traffic, or pilgrimage to the city, especially for major ceremonies and observances. A holy city is a symbolic city, representing attributes beyond its natural characteristics. Marketing experts have suggested that holy cities may be the oldest brands, and more specifically, place brands because they have value added via the perception of religious adherents.[1]

List of holy cities in the world

Africa


City	Country	Religion(s)
Axum	Ethiopia	Christianity
Alexandria	Egypt	Christianity[2]
Ewu	Nigeria	Christianity
Ifẹ	Nigeria	Yoruba religion
Lalibela	Ethiopia	Christianity
Nkamba	Democratic Republic of the Congo	Kimbanguism
Zion City Moria	South Africa	Christianity

Asia

Varanasi, one of the oldest and holiest cities of Hinduism

Western and South Asia

Haram-e-Sharif, or Temple Mount in Jerusalem, a holy city in Judaism, Christianity and Islam

Nazareth a holy city in Christianity

Kaaba in Mecca, the holiest city of Islam

City	Country	Religion(s)
Amritsar	India	Sikhism
Anandpur Sahib	India	Sikhism
Ayodhya	India	Hinduism
Balkh	Afghanistan	Islam[3] (Shia)
Beirut	Lebanon	Christianity
Bethlehem	Palestine	Islam, Christianity, Judaism[4]
Bodh Gaya	India	Buddhism, Hinduism
Dwarka	India	Hinduism
Haifa	Israel	Baháʼí Faith
Hebron	Palestine	Judaism,[5] Islam
Hittin	Israel	Druze faith[6]
Jerusalem	Contested	Islam, Christianity, Judaism
Kanchipuram	India	Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism
Haridwar	India	Hinduism
Karbala	Iraq	Islam (Shia)
Kathmandu	Nepal	Hinduism
Khalwat al-Bayada	Lebanon	Druze faith[7]
Kufa	Iraq	Islam (Shia)
Lahore	Pakistan	Sikhism
Lumbini	Nepal	Buddhism
Mashhad	Iran	Islam (Shia)
Mathura	India	Hinduism
Mecca	Saudi Arabia	Islam
Medina	Saudi Arabia	Islam
Meron	Israel	Judaism[8]
Mtskheta	Georgia	Christianity[9]
Nashik	India	Hinduism, Buddhism
Nablus	Palestine	Judaism,[10] Samaritanism[11]
Najaf	Iraq	Islam (Shia)
Nankana Sahib	Pakistan	Sikhism
Nazareth	Israel	Christianity[12]
Prayagraj	India	Hinduism
Qom	Iran	Islam (Shīʿa)
Safed	Israel	Judaism
Tiberias	Israel	Judaism
Vagharshapat	Armenia	Christianity
Varanasi	India	Hinduism, Buddhism

Central and East Asia

City	Country	Religion(s)
Beigang	Taiwan	Folk religion
Dajia	Taiwan	Folk religion
Ise	Japan	Shinto
Kyoto	Japan	Buddhism, Shinto
Lhasa	Tibet	Buddhism
Turkistan	Kazakhstan	Sufism

Southeast Asia

Baiturrahman Grand Mosque in Banda Aceh, symbol of Islamic sharia law's application in Aceh

City	Country	Religion(s)
Antipolo	Philippines	Christianity
Bali	Indonesia	Hinduism
Cebu City	Philippines	Christianity[13]
El Salvador, Misamis Oriental	Philippines	Christianity[14]
Naga City, Camarines Sur	Philippines	Christianity/Roman Catholicism
Siem Reap	Cambodia	Buddhism, Hinduism
Valenzuela, Metro Manila	Philippines	Christianity
Zamboanga City	Philippines	Christianity

Europe

St Peter's Square, Vatican City.

Hagia Sophia, Istanbul.

Canterbury Cathedral.

City	Country	Religion(s)
Assisi	Italy	Christianity
Athens	Greece	Christianity
Avila	Spain	Christianity
Barcelona	Spain	Christianity[15]
Canterbury	England	Christianity
Caravaca de la Cruz	Spain	Christianity
Cologne	Germany	Christianity
Corinth	Greece	Christianity
Częstochowa	Poland	Christianity
Fátima	Portugal	Christianity
Istanbul	Turkey	Islam, Christianity[16][17]
Kilkenny	Ireland	Christianity[18][19]
Kraljevo	Serbia	Christianity
Leeds	England	Christianity
Madrid	Spain	Christianity
Marija Bistrica	Croatia	Christianity
Medjugorje	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Christianity
Milan	Italy	Christianity
Munich	Germany	Christianity
Ohrid	North Macedonia	Christianity
Paris	France	Christianity
Prague	Czech Republic	Christianity
Rome	Italy	Christianity
Santiago de Compostela	Spain	Christianity[20]
Santo Toribio de Liébana	Spain	Christianity
Toledo	Spain	Christianity
Trondheim	Norway	Christianity
Uman	Ukraine	Breslov Hasidic Judaism[21]
Uppsala	Sweden	Christianity
Vatican City	Vatican City	Christianity
Walsingham	England	Christianity
Warsaw	Poland	Christianity
Wittenberg	Germany	Christianity

North America

The Salt Lake Temple in Salt Lake City.

The Flag Building in Clearwater, Florida.

City	Country	Religion(s)
Clearwater, Florida	United States	Church of Scientology
Mexico City	Mexico	Christianity
Quebec City	Canada	Christianity
Salt Lake City	United States	Latter Day Saint movement
Siparia	Trinidad and Tobago	Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism[22]

South America

City	Country	Religion(s)
Aparecida	Brazil	Christianity[23]
Luján	Argentina	Christianity[24]

References

Metti, Michael Sebastian (1 June 2011). "Jerusalem – the most powerful brand in history". Stockholm University School of Business. Archived from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 1 July 2011.
Trigilio, Rev John Jr.; Brighenti, Rev Kenneth; Cafone, Rev Monsignor James (10 May 2011). Catholic Mass For Dummies. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780470767863 – via Google Books.
"Visit Mazar-i-Sharif Afghanistan • The City Of The Noble Shrine". www.joaoleitao.com.
"Bethlehem". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
"Four Holy Cities of Israel: What and Why?". Chabad.
Dana, Nissim. (2003). The Druze in the Middle East: Their Faith, Leadership, Identity and Status, Sussex Academic Press, pp. 28–30.
Nissîm Dānā (2003). The Druze in the Middle East: Their Faith, Leadership, Identity and Status. Sussex Academic Press. pp. 38–. ISBN 978-1-903900-36-9. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
"Meron: Tomb of Rabbi Shimon Ben Yochai".
"Historical city Mtskheta becomes "Holy City"". Agenda.ge. 7 April 2014. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
"Shechem (Nablus)". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
UNESCO World Heritage Centre (11 October 2017). "Mount Gerizim and the Samaritans". Retrieved 24 December 2020.
Jeffrey, David L. (1992). A Dictionary of biblical tradition in English literature. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 538–40. ISBN 978-0-85244-224-1. Archived from the original on 8 October 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
"Pilgrimage to the Philippines for the 51st International Eucharistic Congress, 2016".
BusinessWeek Mindanao 26 August 2011: "Divine Mercy Shrine in Misamis Oriental celebrates Birthday of the Blessed Virgin Mary" Archived 2018-03-16 at the Wayback Machine
"10 Destinos únicos para todo o peregrino católico visitar".
Parry, Ken (2009). Christianity: Religions of the Wold. Infobase Publishing. p. 139. ISBN 9781438106397.
Parry, Ken (2010). The Blackwell Companion to Eastern Christianity. John Wiley & Sons. p. 368. ISBN 9781444333619.
"The Kilkenny Cats - Popular Rhymes and Sayings of Ireland". www.libraryireland.com.
"St Canice's Cathedral is Kilkenny's Sacré Coeur - except that it has ghosts". www.kilkennypeople.ie.
Encyclopaedia Britannica; Or A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Miscellaneous Literature. Archibald Constable. 1823. p. 500.
"Pilgrimage to Uman • Abbas • Patrick Zachmann • Magnum Photos Magnum Photos". Magnum Photos. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
Keith McNeal (March–April 2002). "Miracle Mother — Siparee Mai, La Divina Pastora". Caribbean Beat Magazine.
Humanas, Alexandre De Freitas-Graduado E. Pós-graduado Em Ciências (16 July 2012). "Cidades e Lugares: Cidades sagradas para o Cristianismo".
Martin Gray (2022). "Luján". Sacred Sites.

External links

Media related to Holy cities at Wikimedia Commons

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[1] Metti, Michael Sebastian (1 June 2011). "Jerusalem – the most powerful brand in history". Stockholm University School of Business. Archived from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 1 July 2011.

[2] Trigilio, Rev John Jr.; Brighenti, Rev Kenneth; Cafone, Rev Monsignor James (10 May 2011). Catholic Mass For Dummies. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780470767863 – via Google Books.

[3] "Visit Mazar-i-Sharif Afghanistan • The City Of The Noble Shrine". www.joaoleitao.com.

[4] "Bethlehem". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 12 July 2021.

[5] "Four Holy Cities of Israel: What and Why?". Chabad.

[Dana-6] Dana, Nissim. (2003). The Druze in the Middle East: Their Faith, Leadership, Identity and Status, Sussex Academic Press, pp. 28–30.

[Dānā2003-7] Nissîm Dānā (2003). The Druze in the Middle East: Their Faith, Leadership, Identity and Status. Sussex Academic Press. pp. 38–. ISBN 978-1-903900-36-9. Retrieved 11 September 2012.

[8] "Meron: Tomb of Rabbi Shimon Ben Yochai".

[9] "Historical city Mtskheta becomes "Holy City"". Agenda.ge. 7 April 2014. Retrieved 4 October 2014.

[10] "Shechem (Nablus)". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 12 July 2021.

[Centre-11] UNESCO World Heritage Centre (11 October 2017). "Mount Gerizim and the Samaritans". Retrieved 24 December 2020.

[Jeffrey-12] Jeffrey, David L. (1992). A Dictionary of biblical tradition in English literature. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 538–40. ISBN 978-0-85244-224-1. Archived from the original on 8 October 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2020.

[Philippines-13] "Pilgrimage to the Philippines for the 51st International Eucharistic Congress, 2016".

[BWeek-14] BusinessWeek Mindanao 26 August 2011: "Divine Mercy Shrine in Misamis Oriental celebrates Birthday of the Blessed Virgin Mary" Archived 2018-03-16 at the Wayback Machine

[15] "10 Destinos únicos para todo o peregrino católico visitar".

[16] Parry, Ken (2009). Christianity: Religions of the Wold. Infobase Publishing. p. 139. ISBN 9781438106397.

[17] Parry, Ken (2010). The Blackwell Companion to Eastern Christianity. John Wiley & Sons. p. 368. ISBN 9781444333619.

[18] "The Kilkenny Cats - Popular Rhymes and Sayings of Ireland". www.libraryireland.com.

[19] "St Canice's Cathedral is Kilkenny's Sacré Coeur - except that it has ghosts". www.kilkennypeople.ie.

[20] Encyclopaedia Britannica; Or A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Miscellaneous Literature. Archibald Constable. 1823. p. 500.

[21] "Pilgrimage to Uman • Abbas • Patrick Zachmann • Magnum Photos Magnum Photos". Magnum Photos. Retrieved 12 July 2021.

[22] Keith McNeal (March–April 2002). "Miracle Mother — Siparee Mai, La Divina Pastora". Caribbean Beat Magazine.

[23] Humanas, Alexandre De Freitas-Graduado E. Pós-graduado Em Ciências (16 July 2012). "Cidades e Lugares: Cidades sagradas para o Cristianismo".

[24] Martin Gray (2022). "Luján". Sacred Sites.