Hill-Annex Mine State Park

Hill-Annex Mine State Park is a state park of Minnesota, United States, interpreting the open-pit mining heritage of the Mesabi Range. The park is located north of the city of Calumet, in Itasca County, Minnesota. The park provides access to fossil material exposed by mining from the Cretaceous era Coleraine Formation.

Hill Annex Mine State Park
Hill-Annex Mine
Map showing the location of Hill Annex Mine State Park
Map showing the location of Hill Annex Mine State Park
Location of Hill Annex Mine State Park in Minnesota
Map showing the location of Hill Annex Mine State Park
Map showing the location of Hill Annex Mine State Park
Hill-Annex Mine State Park (the United States)
LocationItasca, Minnesota, United States
Coordinates47°20′04″N 93°16′21″W
Area625 acres (253 ha)
Elevation1,434 ft (437 m)[1]
Established1988
Governing bodyMinnesota Department of Natural Resources
WebsiteHill Annex Mine State Park
Hill Annex Mine
Built1912
ArchitectJones & Laughlin Steel Co.
Architectural styleBungalow/Craftsman
NRHP reference No.86002126[2]
Added to NRHPAugust 1, 1986

In 1892, the land was leased for mineral exploration. It was leased again in 1900 and mining began in 1913. In the years it was in operation, the mine produced 63 million tons of iron ore. It grew to become the sixth largest producer in Minnesota.[3] Historic buildings include the office building (c. 1930), laboratory (c. 1930), maintenance shop (c. 1930), truck repair shop (c. 1919), wooden water tower (c. 1919), and community club (c. 1915).[4]

After the mine closed, the Iron Range Resources and Rehabilitation Board acquired it for a dollar. They converted the community club building into a museum and visitors center and gave tours. The former mine was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986 as a historic district, and the Minnesota Legislature made Hill Annex Mine a state park two years later.

Flora and fauna

Conservationists have added vegetation to rehabilitate areas damaged by open-pit mining. The landscape is home to grouse, deer, coyotes, timber wolves, and black bears. Raptors, including eagles, peregrine falcons, and hawks have returned to the park.

Hill Annex Paleontology Project

The Hill Annex Paleontology Project is a research endeavor focused on the Cretaceous deposits found in Minnesota and has been active at the state park since 2014. It began as a volunteer-led study by the Science Museum of Minnesota. As of 2017, the project is now led by and housed at the Minnesota Discovery Center in Chisholm.[5] This project focuses on the Coleraine Formation, a formation specifically found only in Minnesota.[6]

Many specimens previously undocumented on the Mesabi Iron Range and Minnesota have been uncovered over the course of this project. One of the most scientifically important finds was the end piece of a toe bone from a dromaeosaur in 2015, which is only the second piece of dinosaur remains found in the state.[7] These raptors were approximately five to six feet tall and lived during the Late Cretaceous Period.[8]

Specimens found by this project also ammonites, crocodiles, and various species of fish, sharks, plant material, turtles, crabs, mollusks, snails, and clams.

References
  1. "Hill Annex Mine State Park". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. July 1, 1993. Retrieved January 1, 2018.
  2. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  3. "Park Info". Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. Archived from the original on July 4, 2013. Retrieved January 1, 2018.
  4. Rolf Anderson. "Hill Annex Mine". National Park Service. Retrieved January 1, 2018. with photos
  5. Mayo, Kitty (October 20, 2017). "Hill Annex Paleontology Project led by MN Discovery Center - Hometown Focus | Northland news & stories". Hometown Focus | Northland news & stories -. Retrieved August 21, 2022.
  6. "Paleontologists uncover dinosaur, shark fossils on Iron Range, left behind by ancient ocean, surfaced by mining". Duluth News Tribune. July 24, 2021. Retrieved August 21, 2022.
  7. Sawyer, Liz. "Fossil adds to evidence of dinosaurs in Minnesota". Star Tribune. Retrieved August 21, 2022.
  8. Romsaas, Jim. "Hill Annex Paleontology Project unearths dinosaur bones". Mesabi Tribune. Retrieved August 21, 2022.

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