Hare nome
The Hare nome, also called the Hermopolite nome (Egyptian: Wenet) was one of the 42 nomoi (administrative divisions) in ancient Egypt; more precisely, it was the 15th nome of Upper Egypt.[2]
The Hare nome's main city was Khemenu (later Hermopolis Magna, and the modern el-Ashmunein) in Middle Egypt. The local main deity was Thoth, though the inscriptions on the White Chapel of Senusret I links this nome with the cult of Bes and Unut.[3]
History
The Hare nome was already recognized during the 4th Dynasty of the Old Kingdom as shown by the triad statue of pharaoh Menkaure, Hathor, and an anthropomorphized-deified depiction of the nome.[1] It is known that during the 6th Dynasty its nomarchs were buried in the necropolis of El-Sheikh Sa'id.[4]
The nome kept its importance during the First Intermediate Period and the subsequent Middle Kingdom; its governors were also responsible of the alabaster quarrying at Hatnub in the Eastern Desert, they owned exclusive offices such as "director of the double throne" and great one of the five", and also were high priests of Thot.[2] Since the First Intermediate Period they moved slightly northward their official necropolis to Deir el-Bersha, where their remarkable though poorly preserved rock-cut tombs were excavated. During the Middle Kingdom the Hare nome was ruled by a rather branched dynasty of nomarchs usually named Ahanakht, Djehutynakht or Neheri. The last known among them, Djehutihotep, was also the owner of the most elaborate and preserved tomb of the Deir el-Bersha necropolis; he ruled until the early reign of Senusret III who is known to have put into action serious steps to minimize the power held by all nomarchs.[2][5]
During the Second Intermediate Period the Hare nome assimilated the neighboring Oryx nome (16th of Upper Egypt).[6]
Nomarchs of the Hare nome
Old Kingdom
This is a list of the known nomarchs, dating to the Old Kingdom. They were buried at El-Sheikh Sa'id.[7]
- Serefka (5th Dynasty)
- Werirni (5th Dynasty, son of Serefka)
- Teti-ankh/Iymhotep (6th Dynasty, perhaps Pepy I)
- Meru/Bebi (6th Dynasty, perhaps Pepy I)
- Wiu/Iyu (6th Dynasty, perhaps Pepy I; son of Meru/Bebi)
- Meru 6th Dynasty, perhaps Pepy II, son of Wiu/Iyu)
Middle Kingdom
The following is a genealogy of the nomarchs of the Hare nome during the late 11th and 12th Dynasty (the limit between the two dynasties passes approximately along the third generation). The nomarchs are underlined.[8] They were buried at Dayr al-Barsha.
| Djehutynakht | Kay | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ahanakht I | Djehutynakht III | Kema♀ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ahanakht II | Djehutynakht IV | Djehutynakht♀ | Neheri I | Djehutyhotep♀ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kay | Djehutynakht V | Djehutynakht♀ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sathedjhotep♀ | Neheri II | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hathorhotep♀ | Djehutynakht VI | Amenemhat | Neheri | Kay | Satkheperka♀ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hathorhotep♀ | Djehutyhotep | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (many children, but no nomarchs) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References
- "King Menkaura, the goddess Hathor, and the deified Hare nome" at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
- Wolfram Grajetzki, The Middle Kingdom of ancient Egypt: history, archaeology and society. London, Duckworth Egyptology, 2006, pp. 109-11
- Upper Egypt nome 15, Digital Egypt for Universities
- Nicolas Grimal, A History of Ancient Egypt, New York, Barnes & Noble Books, 1997, ISBN 0-7607-0649-2, p. 134
- Nicolas Grimal, op. cit., p. 157
- Wolfgang Helck, Die altägyptischen Gaue, Wiesbaden, 1974, ISBN 3920153278, p. 111
- Émile Martinet: Le nomarque sous l'Ancien Empire, Paris 2011, ISBN 9782840507369, 41-42, 63-65, 98
- Harco Willems, Chests of Life, Ex Oriente Lux, Leiden, 1988, ISBN 90-72690-01-X, p. 71
Further reading
- Browarski, Edward (2010). "The Hare and Oryx Nomes in the First Intermediate Period and Early Middle Kingdom". In Woods, Alexandra; McFarlane, Ann; Binder, Susanne (eds.). Egyptian Culture and Society: Studies in Honour of Naguib Kanawati. Conseil Suprême des Antiquités de l'Égypte. pp. 31–85. ISBN 978-977-479-845-0.