Halichoeres prosopeion

Halichoeres prosopeion, commonly called the twotone wrasse, half-grey wrasse or zig-zag wrasse, is a fish species in the wrasse family native to the western Pacific Ocean.

Halichoeres prosopeion
adult
juvenile
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Labriformes
Family: Labridae
Genus: Halichoeres
Species:
H. prosopeion
Binomial name
Halichoeres prosopeion
(Bleeker, 1853)
Synonyms[2]

Julis prosopeion Bleeker, 1853

Description

The twotone wrasse is a small fish that can reach a maximum length of 13 cm.[3] It has a thin, elongate body with a terminal mouth.

Body coloration has few variations according to age and distribution area.

In Australia and eastern Papua New Guinea, the juveniles have a white body with four black stripes from snout to the tip of the caudal fin. In the rest of the distribution area, juveniles have also a white body with the four black stripes but these later are not reaching the tip of the tail. In this case, the caudal fin and the peduncle are yellow.

Then, for both sex and all areas the body coloration is quite the same. Grey-blue for the anterior part of the body and yellowish for the posterior part with a slight gradient at the junction. A dark spot occurs on the first rays of the dorsal fin.

Distribution & habitat

The half-grey wrasse is widespread throughout the tropical and subtropical waters of the western Pacific Ocean, from Indonesia to Philippines through French New-Caledonia and south Japan.[1]

This wrasse occurs on outside reef slopes and lagoons in rich coral reef area from surface down to a depth of 40 meters.[4][5][6]

Biology

The twotone wrasse lives solitary. It is a benthic predator that feeds mainly on small marine invertebrates such as crustaceans, molluscs, worms and echinoderms captured on or in the substrate.[5][6]

Like most wrasse, the twotone wrasse is a protogynous hermaphrodite, i.e. individuals start life as females with the capability of turning male later on.

Conservation status

The species is targeted but not thought to be threatened by the aquarium trade.[1]

References
  1. Choat, J.H. (2010). "Halichoeres prosopeion". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T187438A8535392. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T187438A8535392.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  2. Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2019). "Halichoeres prosopeion" in FishBase. August 2019 version.
  3. Westneat, M.W., 2001. Labridae. Wrasses, hogfishes, razorfishes, corises, tuskfishes. p. 3381-3467. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome.
  4. Lieske, E. and R. Myers, 1994. Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Harper Collins Publishers, 400 p.
  5. Kuiter, R.H. and T. Tonozuka, 2001. Pictorial guide to Indonesian reef fishes. Part 2. Fusiliers - Dragonets, Caesionidae - Callionymidae. Zoonetics, Australia. 304-622 p.
  6. Rudie Kuiter, "Labridae fishes: wrasses", Aquatic Photographics, 2015, ISBN 978-0996538701
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