H. N. Goshal

Hamendrnath Goshal (Bengali: হেমেন্দ্রনাথ ঘোষাল;[1] 1915–1967), also known as Harinarayan Ghoshal[2][3] or Thakin Ba Tin (Burmese: သခင်ဘတင်, IPA: [θəkʰɪ̀ɰ̃ ba̰ tɪ̀ɰ̃]),[4] was a communist politician and trade union leader in Burma, of Bengali Hindu origin.[5] Goshal was one of the foremost leaders of the Communist Party of Burma and the most prominent theoretician of the party for several years. During the height of the Cultural Revolution (which had repercussions in the Communist Party of Burma) Goshal was marginalized and killed in an inner-party purge.

In this Burmese name, Thakin is an honorific, not a given name.
Not to be confused with Thakin Ba Thein Tin.
H.N. Goshal aka Thakin Ba Tin
Personal details
Born1915 (1915)
Died18 June 1967 (1967-06-19) (aged 51)
OccupationPolitician, Theoretician
Known forOne of the Founders of the Communist Party of Burma

Political activities

Goshal graduated from Rangoon University.[5] In August 1939, Goshal took part in the founding of the Communist Party of Burma.[6] He was a member of the Bengali cell of the party. He was associated with Subodh Mukherjee, Dr. Amar Nag, Amar De, Gopal Munshi, Madhav Munshi, etc. During the Japanese occupation, Goshal fled to India.[5][7] During the early days of the Communist Party of Burma, Goshal played an important role as a liaison between the Burmese party and the Communist Party of India (through its Bengal Provincial Committee).[8]

After the death of Thakin Ba Hein, Goshal became the head of the All Burma Trade Union Congress. His activities were mainly concentrated to Rangoon, organizing the largely Indian working class there.[9]

Goshal is said to have visited India just before the Communist Party of India held its second congress of 1948 (some controversy exists regarding this subject; if he was in India and if so, which meetings he attended).[8][9] In India, and other countries in Asia, the communist parties reoriented themselves towards a more confrontational line. Goshal edited a political and strategic document, calling for the Communist Party of Burma to prepare for armed struggle. The document would be nicknamed the 'Goshal Thesis'. The Goshal Thesis stood in sharp contrast to the 'Browderist' positions the Communist Party of Burma had until then.[9] The Goshal Thesis was adopted by the Communist Party of Burma at a mass meeting in Pyinmana on March 14, 1948.[8] At this point, Goshal emerged as the main theorist of the party.[7]

In response to the Goshal Thesis, the Burmese government ordered a crack-down on the Communist Party. The party responded by calling on its leaders to head for the country-side and led guerrilla warfare from there. At this point, Goshal argued in favour of retaining the presence of the party in the cities and to mobilize for general strikes and popular protests in Rangoon. Seemingly contradictory to the Goshal Thesis, Goshal was the sole Central Committee member of the party that did not support the Maoist line of rural warfare.[9]

Death

During the 1960s Goshal was denounced in an inner-party purge, labelled 'the Liu Shaoqi of Burma' and executed in the Pegu Yoma on 18 June 1967.[10][11] He had been on the losing side in a factional conflict following the return of a section of the party leadership that had been exiled in Beijing. He lost an important vote at the Communist Party politburo meeting of June 1965, where he had argued against Thakin Than Tun's proposal to organize a new party school (Thakin Than Tun had returned from Beijing, whilst Goshal had been a leader of the party inside Burma. Thakin Than Tun had proposed setting up a new party school, with teachers trained in China).[12]

References
  1. Shelby Tucker (20 September 2001). Burma: Curse of Independence. Pluto Press. p. 85. ISBN 978-0-7453-1541-6.
  2. Best, Antony (2003). British Documents on Foreign Affairs: Reports and Papers from the Foreign Office Confidential Print. From 1946 through 1950. Asia 1949. Burma, India, Pakistan, Ceylon, Indonesia, The Philippines and South-East Asia and the Far East (general), january 1949- december 1949. Univ. Publ. of America. ISBN 978-1-55655-768-2.
  3. "মায়ানমারের ইতিহাস - প্রথম সকাল". 2018-02-20. Archived from the original on 2018-02-20. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
  4. Lintner, Bertil. The Rise and Fall of the Communist Party of Burma (CPB). Southeast Asia Program series, no. 6. Ithaca, N.Y.: Southeast Asia Program, Cornell University, 1990. p. 6
  5. Lintner, Bertil. The Rise and Fall of the Communist Party of Burma (CPB). Southeast Asia Program series, no. 6. Ithaca, N.Y.: Southeast Asia Program, Cornell University, 1990. p. 58
  6. Ono, Toru. Changes in the political leadership in Burma Archived 2012-03-06 at the Wayback Machine
  7. Badgley, John H., and John Wilson Lewis. Peasant Rebellion and Communist Revolution in Asia. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 1974. p. 155
  8. Hensengerth, Oliver. Burmese CP in relations between China and Burma
  9. Lintner, Bertil. The Rise and Fall of the Communist Party of Burma (CPB). Southeast Asia Program series, no. 6. Ithaca, N.Y.: Southeast Asia Program, Cornell University, 1990. pp. 13–14
  10. Lintner, Bertil. The Rise and Fall of the Communist Party of Burma (CPB). Southeast Asia Program series, no. 6. Ithaca, N.Y.: Southeast Asia Program, Cornell University, 1990. p. 23
  11. Trager, Frank N.. Burma: 1968 – A New Beginning?, in Asian Survey, Vol. 9, No. 2, A Survey of Asia in 1968: Part II (Feb., 1969), pp. 104–114
  12. Badgley, John H., and John Wilson Lewis. Peasant Rebellion and Communist Revolution in Asia. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 1974. pp. 161–162
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