Lists of former Guantanamo Bay detainees alleged to have returned to terrorism

Semiannually, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) publishes an unclassified “Summary of the Reengagement of Detainees Formerly Held at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba” (Reengagement Report). According to ODNI's most recent Reengagement Report,[1] since 2009, when current rules and processes governing transfer of detainees out of Guantanamo were put in place, ODNI assess that 5.1% of detainees – 10 men total, 2 of whom are deceased – are more likely than not to have reengaged in terrorist activities.

Detainees upon arrival at Camp X-Ray, January 2002

Background

The Guantanamo Bay detention camp (Spanish: Centro de detención de Guantánamo) is a United States military prison located within Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, also referred to as Guantánamo, GTMO, and "Gitmo" (/ˈɡɪtmoʊ/), on the coast of Guantánamo Bay in Cuba. Of the 780 people detained there since January 2002 when the military prison first opened after the September 11, 2001 attacks, 731 have been transferred elsewhere, 39 remain there, and 9 have died while in custody.

Once every six months, the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) – in consultation with the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency and the Secretary of Defense – is required to make public an unclassified “Summary of the Reengagement of Detainees Formerly Held at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba” (Reengagement Report). ODNI's Reengagement Reports break down all transfers from Guantanamo by Presidential administration under which they occurred, and categorize them according to whether ODNI assesses a former detainee to be “confirmed” or “suspected” of “reengaging” in "terrorist activities" (as those terms are defined in the reports).

The standard for inclusion in the “confirmed” category is “a preponderance of information which identifies a specific former Guantanamo detainee as directly involved in terrorist or insurgent activities.” In other words, ODNI considers reengagement “confirmed” if it is more likely than not – i.e., there is at least a 51% chance – that a former detainee is directly involved in terrorist activities. For inclusion in the “suspected” category, ODNI need only find that there is “[p]lausible but unverified or single-source reporting indicating a specific former GTMO detainee is directly involved in terrorist or insurgent activities.”

DNI's most recent Reengagement Report was declassified in December 2020 and made public on April 5, 2021.[1] As of this report, 729 detainees had been transferred out of Guantanamo since the prison opened in 2002. According to ODNI, 125 of them were “confirmed of reengaging” (14.3%) and 104 "suspected of reengaging" (17.1%). However, the vast majority of those transfers (115 of them) occurred pre-2009, before current rules and processes governing transfers were put in place. After 2009—when transfers have been subject to the rules and processes that remain in place today—the reengagement rates have dropped significantly, to 5.1% ("confirmed of reengaging") and 10.2% (suspected of reengaging"), respectively. The 5.1% statistic represents 10 men total, 2 of whom are deceased.

History

As early as 2004, the US government claimed that detainees released from Guantanamo Bay detainment camp had returned to the battlefield.[2] Initially, government spokesmen claimed relatively small numbers of former Guantanamo captives had returned to the battlefield. In a press briefing on March 6, 2007, a "Senior Defense official" commented:[3]

I can tell you that we have confirmed 12 individuals have returned to the fight, and we have strong evidence that about another dozen have returned to the fight.

On Monday, May 14, 2007, Pentagon officials Joseph Benkert and Jeffrey Gordon repeated the assertion that thirty former captives had returned to the battlefield in testimony before the United States Congress.[4] They identified six of the thirty by name.[5] They offered the names of the three men previously identified: "Mullah Shahzada"; "Maulavi Abdul Ghaffar"; and Abdullah Mahsud. They tied "Mullah Shahzada" to Mohamed Yusif Yaqub, a Guantanamo captive who was listed on the official list.[6] The other three names they offered were: Mohammed Ismail; Abdul Rahman Noor; and Mohammed Nayim Farouq.[5]

On July 12, 2007, the Department of Defense placed an additional page on their site, entitled: "Former Guantanamo Detainees who have returned to the fight".[7] This list contained one additional name, not on the list released on May 14, 2007, for a total of seven names. The new name was Ruslan Odizhev, a Russian who Russian police reported died while resisting arrest on June 27, 2007.[8]

On 13 January 2009, the Pentagon said that 18 former detainees are confirmed to have participated in attacks, and 43 are suspected to have been involved in attacks.[9] A spokesman said evidence of someone being "confirmed" could include fingerprints, a conclusive photograph or "well-corroborated intelligence reporting." He said the Pentagon would not discuss how the statistics were derived because of security concerns. National security expert and CNN analyst Peter Bergen, stated that some of those "suspected" to have returned to terrorism are so categorized because they publicly made anti-American statements, "something that's not surprising if you've been locked up in a U.S. prison camp for several years." If all on the "confirmed" list have indeed returned to the battlefield, that would amount to 4 percent of the detainees who have been released at that time.[10]

According to the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, through December 2020, 14.5% of detainees transferred since 2002 are “confirmed of reengaging” in terrorist activities and 17.1% "suspected of reengaging" (see background section above for definitions of these terms and additional explanation). Since 2009—when current rules and processes governing transfers were implemented—the reengagement rates assessed by ODNI have dropped significantly, to 5.1% ("confirmed of reengaging") and 10.2% (suspected of reengaging"), respectively. The 5.1% statistic represents 10 men total, 2 of whom are deceased.

Lists of alleged returnees

2006 list
92Abdullah Mahsud
363Maulvi Abdul Ghaffar
367Mohamed Yusif Yaqub
582Abdul Rahman Noor
633Mohammed Nayim Farouq
930Mohammed Ismail

2007 list
reported
isn		nameIn July 2007
Press Release		DispositionCitizenshipCountry of
Act
92Said Mohammed Alim ShahYesKilledAfghanistanAfghanistan
203Ravil Shafeyavich GumarovNoArrestRussiaRussia
69Ruslan Anatolivich Odijev YesArrestRussiaRussia
220Abdallah Saleh Ali Al AjmiNoKilledKuwaitIraq[11]
294Mohammed MizouzNoArrestMoroccoMorocco
297Ibrahim Shafir SenNoArrestTurkeyTurkey
363Shai Jahn GhafoorYesKilledAfghanistanAfghanistan
587[12]Mohammed Yusif YaqubYesKilledAfghanistanAfghanistan
587[12]Ibrahim Bin ShakaranNoArrestMoroccoMorocco
633Mohammed Nayim FarouqYesAt LargeAfghanistanAfghanistan
674Timur Ravilich IshmuratNoArrestRussiaRussia
930Mohammed IsmailYesCaptureAfghanistanAfghanistan

2008 list
Names of Guantanamo captives who are alleged to have returned to the battlefield
IDNameNotes
363Maulvi Abdul Ghaffar AKA Shai Jahn Ghafoor
  • Had been a senior Taliban military leader prior to capture.
  • Captured in Afghanistan in December 2001, was one of the twenty-three prisoners released from Camp Delta in late January 2004. After his release, he joined the remnants of the Taliban and was killed in a gunfight on September 26, 2004.[13][14][15][16][17]
  • The official list of Guantanamo captives included two men with the same name, who remained in custody years after Maulvi Abdul Ghaffar had been reported to have been released, and killed in combat.[6]
92Abdullah Mehsud
  • Reportedly captured in Afghanistan in December 2001 after surrendering to Abdul Rashid Dostum.
  • That he was ever been captured, and sent to Guantanamo has been challenged.[18]
  • Allegedly masterminded the kidnapping of two Chinese engineers in Pakistan's South Waziristan region.
  • Allegedly returning to his position as an Al-Qaeda field commander.[15] One of the Chinese engineers died during a rescue mission, the other was rescued.[19]
  • Mehsud also claimed responsibility for the bombing at Islamabad's Marriott Hotel in October 2004. The blast injured seven people, including a U.S. diplomat, two Italians and the Pakistani prime minister's chief security officer. Mehsud was subsequently reported to have been killed in combat.
203Ravil Shafeyavich Gumarov
  • Reported to have had military training in Chechnya.[20]
  • Convicted of bombing a natural gas pipeline on May 9, 2006.[21]
  • Sentenced to 13 years.[22]
211Ruslan Anatolivich Odijev
  • Repatriated to Russian custody, cleared, then released.[23]
294Mohammed Bin Ahmad Mizouz
  • One of the first 200 captives to be repatriated.[24][25]
  • Reported seeing guards urinate on the Koran.[25]
  • Reported being tortured while in US custody, reported that all the techniques used in Abu Ghraib were first used on captives like him in Bagram.[25]
  • Convicted in September 2007 of recruiting fighters to send to Iraq.[22]
297Ibrahim Shafir Sen
367Mohammed Yusif Yaqub
aka
Mullah Shahzada
  • Reports of the release, return to the battlefield, and subsequent death in combat of Mullah Shahzada, while reported in the press, is always attributed to unnamed insiders.[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]
  • The official list of Guantanamo captives included a man the same name, Haji Shahzada who remained in custody years after the stories that Mullah Shahzada had been reported to have been released, and killed in combat. Haji Shahzada was one of the 38 captives whose Combatant Status Review Tribunal determined they had not been an enemy combatant in the first place.
  • On Monday, May 14, 2007, Pentagon officials, for the first time, tied the reports that "Mullah Shahzada" had returned to the battlefield to the name of one of the captives on the official list of Guantanamo captives, Mohammed Yusif Yaqub.[5] According to Reuters summary of their testimony:
"Released May 8, 2003, he assumed control of Taliban operations in Southern Afghanistan and died fighting U.S. forces on May 7, 2004."
587Ibrahim Bin Shakaran

The Defense Intelligence Agency asserted Ibrahim Bin Shakaran had "returned to terrorism". The DIA reported:

930Mohammed Ismail
  • First identified as a former captive who had returned to the battlefield in Testimony before Congress on Monday May 14, 2007.[5] According to Reuters summary of their testimony:
"Released from Guantanamo in early 2004, he was recaptured four months later in May while participating in an attack on U.S. forces near Kandahar. When captured, Ismail carried a letter confirming his status as a Taliban member in good standing."
582Abdul Rahman Noor
  • First identified as a former captive who had returned to the battlefield in Testimony before Congress on Monday May 14, 2007.[5] According to Reuters summary of their testimony:
"Released in July 2003, he has since participated in fighting against U.S. forces near Kandahar. After his release, he was identified as the man described in an October 7, 2001, interview with Al Jazeera television as the "deputy defense minister of the Taliban."
633Mohammed Nayim Farouq
  • First identified as a former captive who had returned to the battlefield in Testimony before Congress on Monday, May 14, 2007.[5] According to Reuters summary of their testimony:
Released from U.S. custody in July 2003, he quickly renewed his association with Taliban and al Qaeda members and has since become "reinvolved in anti-coalition militant activity."
930Mohammed Ismail Agha
  • One of the three children who was held for a two years, in Camp Iguana, and released on January 29, 2004. He was reported by the Pentagon as having been captured in an attack on U.S. forces four months later.[35]

2009 reports

Department of Defense spokesmen claimed in January 2009 that at least 61 former captives had returned to the fight. But they did not publish any of the men's names.

Saudi list

On February 3, 2009, the government of Saudi Arabia published a list of 85 most wanted suspected terrorists that included two former Guantanamo captives who had appeared in an alarming video, and nine other former captives.

BBC report

On February 18, 2009, the BBC News reported that UK officials had told them that an Afghan former captive repatriated in the Spring of 2008 had risen to a high-ranking position in the Taliban, in Pakistan, following his return. The BBC reports they had been told his name was Mullah Abdul Kayum Sakir. The USA did not list any captives with names close to Abdul Kayum Sakir. The five captives repatriated on April 30, 2008, are: Nasrullah, Esmatulla, Rahmatullah Sangaryar, Sahib Rohullah Wakil, and Abdullah Mohammad Khan.

Department of Defense

In March 2009, U.S. officials revealed that Abdullah Ghulam Rasoul (detainee #8) is now leading the Taliban's operations in southern Afghanistan.[36][37]

The May 2009 "one in seven" claims

On May 21, 2009, Elizabeth Bumiller, writing in The New York Times, reported that they had secured access to an unreleased Pentagon report that asserted "one in seven" former captives "are engaged in terrorism or militant activity."[38][39][40] According to The New York Times Pentagon officials had asserted 74 former captives had returned to terrorism, and had named 29 individuals, including 16 previously unpublished ones. The New York Times chose to publish only 15 of those 16 names because of discrepancies concerning the 16th.[38]

On June 6, 2009 Clark Hoyt, whose byline lists him as The New York Times "public editor" wrote an apology to The New York Times readers for Bumiller's article.[41][42][43]

Fifteen former captives as reported by the New York Times[39]
isnnametransfer
date		nationnotes
8Abdullah Gulam Rasoul2007-12-12Afghanistan
  • In 2007 he was transferred to the American wing of the Pul-e-Charkhi prison.[44]
  • A false name used by Abdul Qayyum Zakir, a senior commander in the Taliban.
  • British officials believed Rasoul became the Taliban's operations commander in southern Afghanistan soon after his release and blamed him for masterminding an increase in roadside attacks against British and American troops.[44]
  • The New York Times reported that Rasoul led a December 2008-January 2009 delegation to the Pakistani Taliban to convince them to refocus their efforts away from the Pakistani government and towards the American-led forces in Afghanistan.[45]
23Isa Khan[39]2004-09-17Pakistan
25Majeed Abdullah al Joudi[39]2007-02-20Saudi Arabia
67Abd al Razaq Abdallah Hamid Ibrahim al Sharikh[39]2007-09-05Saudi Arabia
82Rasul Kudayev2004-02-27Russia
  • Was an athlete who fled persecution in Russia when he was a teenager.
  • Was captured in 2006 following an attack on Russian government facilities in October 2005.[46][47][48][49][50]
  • His family reports that his stay in Afghanistan and Guantanamo had left him with serious health problems, and that he was at home, under his mother's care, at the time of the attack.
92
154Mazin Salih Musaid al Awfi[39]2007-07-15Saudi Arabia
159Abdullah al Noaimi2005-11-04Bahrain
  • Knew the three men who died in the camp on June 10, 2006.[52] He expressed skepticism about the official version, and questioned the credibility of the allegations against them.
  • In October 2008 Saudi authorities apprehended and detained al Noaimi when he was on a visit to Saudi Arabia.[53]
  • Saudi authorities continue to hold him—without charge.[54][55][56]
203Ravil Shafeyavich Gumarov[40]Russia
209Almasm Rabilavich Sharipov[40]Russia
211Ruslan Odijev[40]Russia
230Humud Dakhil Humud Said al Jadan[39]2007-07-15Saudi Arabia
231Abdulhadi Abdallah Ibrahim al Sharakh[39]2007-09-05Saudi Arabia
294Mohammed bin Ahmad MizouzJuly 2004Morocco
333Muhammad al Awfi2007-11-09Saudi Arabia
372Said Ali al Shihri2007-11-09Saudi Arabia
546Muhibullah[39]2005-07-19Afghanistan
571Saad Madi Saad al Azmi2005-11-02Kuwait
  • Faced charges in Kuwait following his repatriation on November 4, 2005.[65] The charges were based on evidence supplied by the USA that he had ties to Al Wafa.[66][67] The Kuwaiti court acquitted Al Azmi.
587Ibrahim bin ShakaranJuly 2004Morocco
674Timur Ravilich Ishmurat2004-02-17Russia
  • Arrested in Russia in March 2006.[68]
798Haji Sahib Rohullah Wakil[39]2008-04-30Afghanistan
  • Member of Jama'at-ud-Da'wah Pakistan, a group created in 1985 to fight the Soviet occupation. Although designated a terrorist organization in 2008 by the State Department, it is not on any of the official U.S. watchlists as it has worked as a charity with no military wing since 1991.
  • Commander of Kunar anti-Taliban forces.
  • In 2002, represented Kunar Province in the Grand Assembly.
  • Arrested in August 2002 after an informer claimed he had helped members of al Qaida escape from Kunar. The Afghanistan government believes the head of the rival Mushwani tribe had turned Wakil in because the Mushwani tribe opposed a poppy eradication program that Wakil had begun in Kunar.
  • Released in April 2008. Upon his release Wakil met with President Hamid Karzai who apologized for his detention.
  • Currently a tribal elder representing Kunar province in the Afghanistan government.[69]
1010Nahir Shah[39]2007-11-02Afghanistan

DoD list of May 27, 2009
Wikisource has original text related to this article:

On May 27, 2009, the Defense Intelligence Agency published a "fact sheet" Former Guantanamo Detainee Terrorism Trends that contained a Partial Listing of Former GTMO Detainees Who have Reengaged in Terrorism.[71] Although it was published on May 27, it bears the date April 7, 2009.

Appendix A: Partial Listing of Former GTMO Detainees Who have Reengaged in Terrorism[71]
NameNationalityRepatriatedActivityStatus
AfghanistanMarch 2003Died fighting Afghan forcesSuspected
Shah MohammedPakistanMay 2003Killed fighting US forces in AfghanistanConfirmed
AfghanistanMay 2003Taliban commander in Afghanistan; Organized jailbreak in Kandahar; killed on 7 May 2004 fighting US forcesConfirmed
Mohammed Nayim FarouqAfghanistanJuly 2003Association with Taliban and al-Qaida; involved in anti-coalition activitySuspected
Ibrahim Shafir SenTurkeyNovember 2003Leader of al-Qaida cells in Van; recruited and trained members, provided illegal weapons and facilitationConfirmed
Mohammed IsmailAfghanistanJanuary 2004Participated in an attack against US forces Taliban memberConfirmed
Abdullah D. KafkasRussiaMarch 2004Suspected involvement in an attack against a traffice police checkpoint in Nalchik in October 2005Suspected
Almasm Rabilavich SharipovRussiaMarch 2004Association with terrorist group Hezb-e-TahrirSuspected
Timur Ravilich IshmuratRussiaMarch 2004Involved in a gas line bombingConfirmed
Ruslan Anatolivich OdijevRussiaMarch 2004Participated in several terrorism acts including an October 2005 attack in the Caucasus region that killed and injured several police officersSuspected
AfghanistanMarch 2004Kidnapped two Chinese engineers; Claimed responsibility for an Islamabad hotel bombing; directed a suicide attack in April 2007 killing 31 peopleConfirmed
Ravil GumarovRussiaMarch 2004Involved in a gas line bombingConfirmed
Abdullah GhofoorAfghanistanMarch 2004Taliban commander; planning attacks on U.S. and Afghan forces; killed in a raid by Afghan security forcesSuspected
Mohammed Bin Ahmad MizouzMoroccoJuly 2004Recruiter for al-Qaida in IraqConfirmed
Ibrahim Bin ShakaranMoroccoJuly 2004Recruiter for al-Qaida in IraqConfirmed
Isa KhanPakistanSeptember 2004Association with Tehrik-i-TalibanSuspected
MuhibullahAfghanistanJuly 2005Association with the TalibanSuspected
Abdallah Saleh Ali al-AjmiKuwaitNovember 2005Conducted a suicide attack in IraqConfirmed
Abdullah Majid Al-NaimiBahrainNovember 2005Arrested in October 2008; involved in terrorist facilitation; has known associations with al-QaidaConfirmed
Saad Madhi Saad Hawash al AzmiKuwaitNovember 2005Association with al-QaidaSuspected
Majid Abdullah Lahiq al JoudiSaudi ArabiaFebruary 2007Terrorist facilitationConfirmed
Saudi ArabiaJuly 2007Leadership figure in al-Qaida in Arabian PeninsulaConfirmed
Abd al Razzaq Abdallah Ibrahim al-SharikhSaudi ArabiaSeptember 2007Arrested in September 2008 for supporting terrorismSuspected
Abd al Hadi Abdallah Ibrahim al SharikhSaudi ArabiaSeptember 2007Arrested in September 2008 for association with terrorist members; supporting terrorismSuspected
Zahir ShahAfghanistanNovember 2007Participation in terrorist trainingConfirmed
Abu Sufyan al Azdi al-ShihriSaudi ArabiaNovember 2007Leadership figure in al-Qaida in Arabian PeninsulaConfirmed
Abdullah Gulam RasoulAfghanistanDecember 2007Taliban military commander for Afghanistan; Organizaed an assault on U.S. military aircraft in AfghanistanSuspected
Hajji Sahib Rohullah WakilAfghanistanApril 2008Association with terrorist groupsSuspected

2017

Abu-Zakariya al-Britani, also known as Jamal Udeen Al-Harith, murdered a number of Iraqi soldiers and killed himself via murder-bombing in 2017.[72] The BBC reported that Tony Blair personally was involved with getting Abu-Zakariya freed from Guantanamo in 2004.[73][74] The UK government paid $1 million as compensation to Abu-Zakariya al-Britani for his stay at Guantanamo.[75]

Third party comments

In August 2011 UK captive Tarek Dergoul got into a scuffle with a parking official, who was giving his car a ticket at an expired parking meter.[76] He received a one-year conditional sentence, and had to undergo a mental health assessment. Benjamin Wittes, a legal scholar who focuses on counter-terrorism issues, referred to the issue of competing assessment as to what percentage of former Guantanamo captives should be considered Guantanamo recidivists, when he asked whether Dergoul's conviction would make him a recidivist.[77]

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