Governess of the Children of France
The Governess of the Children of France (sometimes the Governess of the Royal Children) was an office at the royal French court during pre-Revolutionary France and the Bourbon Restoration. She was charged with the education of the children and grandchildren of the monarch. The holder of the office was taken from the highest-ranking nobility of France. The governess was supported by various deputies or under-governesses (sous gouvernantes).
Governesses of the Children of France
The Duchess of La Ferté-Senneterre with the Duke of Anjou on her lap and the Duke of Brittany, François de Troy
Engraving of Victoire de Rohan with Madame Royale overlooked by a painting of Marie Antoinette, unknown artist
Children of Louis XII of France
Children of Francis I of France
- Charlotte Gouffier de Boisy, Madame de Cossé-Brissac[1]
- Guillemette de Sarrebruck, comtesse de Braine
Children of Henry II of France
- 1544–1557: Françoise de Contay (d. 1557), Madame d'Humières, Dame de Contay.[2][3]
- Marie-Catherine Gondi, 'Madame Duperon' (d. 1570), sous gouvernante (deputy)[4]
- Charlotte de Curton (d. 1575), sous gouvernante (deputy)
- Louise de Clermont (1504–1596), comtesse de Tonnerre and duchesse d’Uzès.
- Claude Catherine de Clermont (1543–1603), Duchess of Retz.
Children of Charles IX of France
- 1572–1578: Isabelle de Crissé.[5]
Children of Henry IV of France
- 1601–1625: Françoise de Longuejoue, baronne de Montglat (d. 1633)
Children of Louis XIII
- 1638–1643: Françoise de Lansac (1583–1657)
- 1643–1646: Marie-Catherine de Senecey (1588–1677)
Children of Louis XIV
- 1661–1664: Julie d'Angennes, (1607–1671) duchesse de Montausier
- 1661–1672: Louise de Prie, (1624–1709), Marquise of Toucy, Duchess of Cardona[6]
Children of the Grand Dauphin
- 1682–1691: Louise de Prie, (1624–1709), Marquise of Toucy, Duchess of Cardona
Children of the Duke of Burgundy
- 1704–1709: Louise de Prie (1624–1709), Marquise of Toucy, Duchess of Cardona
- 1709–1710: Marie Isabelle Gabrielle Angélique de La Mothe-Houdancourt (1654–1726), Duchess of La Ferté-Senneterre[7]
- 1710–1735: Charlotte de La Mothe-Houdancourt, (1651–1744), Duchess of Ventadour[8]
- Anne Julie de Melun acted as a sous gouvernante to Madame de Ventadour[9]
- 1704–1717: Madame de La Lande
- '1710–1717: Marie-Suzanne de Valicourt[10]
Children of Louis XV
- 1727–1735: Charlotte de La Mothe-Houdancourt, (1654–1744), Duchess of Ventadour.
- 1735–1754: Marie Isabelle de Rohan, (1699–1754), Duchess of Tallard[11]
- 1727–1746: Madame de La Lande, sous gouvernante (deputy)
- 1727–1744: Marie-Suzanne de Valicourt, sous gouvernante (deputy)[10]
- 1729–?: Marguerite d'Armand de Mizon, sous gouvernante (deputy)
Children of Louis, Dauphin of France
- 1735–1754: Marie Isabelle de Rohan, (1699–1754), Duchess of Tallard
- 1754–1776: Marie Louise de Rohan, (1720–1803), Countess of Marsan[12]
- 1771–1778: Marie Angélique de Mackau, sous gouvernante (deputy)
Children of Louis XVI
- 1776–1782: Victoire de Rohan, (1743–1807), Princess of Guéméné[13]
- 1782–1789: Yolande de Polastron, (1749–1793), Duchess of Polignac.
- 1789–1792: Louise Élisabeth de Croÿ, (1749–1832), Marquise of Tourzel.
- 1776–1792: Marie Angélique de Mackau, sous gouvernante (deputy)
- 1781–1792: Renée Suzanne de Soucy, sous gouvernante (deputy)
- 1785–1792: Agathe de Rambaud
Children of Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry
- 1819–1830: Marie Joséphine Louise, duchesse de Gontaut (1773–1857)
Notes
- Les outils de la connaissance: enseignement et formation intellectuelle en ...
- Robert J. Knecht, Hero or Tyrant? Henry III, King of France, 1574-89
- The girlhood of Mary queen of Scots from her landing in France in August 1548 to her departure from France in August 1561
- Susan Broomhall, Women's Medical Work in Early Modern France
- Vons, Jacqueline; Saint-Martin, Pauline (2010). "Vie et mort de Marie-Elisabeth de France (1572-1578), fille de Charles IX et Elisabeth d'Autriche". cour-de-france.fr (in French).
- wife of Philippe de La Mothe-Houdancourt
- daughter of the Duke and Duchess of Cardona and older sister of Madame de Ventadour
- daughter of the Duke and Duchess of Cardona
- Anne Julie was the wife of Jules, Prince of Soubise and as such, granddaughter "in law" of La Ventadour
- (Génalogie de la famille de Valicourt) Souvenirs de la Flandre-Wallonne: recherches historiques et choix de documents relatifs à Douai et à la province - Volume 9 - Société d'agriculture, des sciences et arts de Douai - 1869
- daughter of Hercule Mériadec, Duke of Rohan-Rohan and Anne Geneviève de Lévis, granddaughter of the Duchess of Ventadour
- Daughter of Jules, Prince of Soubise and a great-granddaughter of the Duchess of Ventadour
- great-great-granddaughter of the Duchess of Ventadour
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