Pervomaisk, Mykolaiv Oblast
Pervomaisk (Ukrainian: Первомайськ, IPA: [perwoˈmɑjsʲk]; Russian: Первомайск) is a city in Mykolaiv Oblast, Ukraine. It serves as the administrative center of Pervomaisk Raion within the oblast. It is located on the Southern Bug River which bisects the city. Pervomaisk also hosts the administration of Pervomaisk urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.[2] Population: 62,426 (2022 estimate);[1] 70,170 (2001).
Pervomaisk
Первомайськ | |
|---|---|
 Main square in Pervomaisk | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Pervomaisk Location of Pervomaisk  Pervomaisk Pervomaisk (Ukraine) | |
| Coordinates: 48°02′38″N 30°51′00″E | |
| Country |  Ukraine |
| Oblast |  Mykolaiv Oblast |
| Raion |  Pervomaisk Raion |
| Founded | 1676 |
| City status | 1773 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Demchenko Oleg Mikhailovich |
| Area | |
| • Total | 25.14 km2 (9.71 sq mi) |
| Population (2022)[1] | |
| • Total | 62,426 |
| • Density | 2,500/km2 (6,400/sq mi) |
| Postal code | 55200-55219 |
| Area code | +380-5161 |
| Website | http://www.pervomaisk.mk.ua/ |
The city is known for being a center (headquarters) of the 46th Rocket Division of the Soviet Strategic Rocket Forces during the Soviet period.[3]
Until 18 July 2020, Pervomaisk was incorporated as a city of oblast significance. It also served as the administrative center of Pervomaisk Raion even though it did not belong to the raion. In July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Mykolaiv Oblast to four, the city of Pervomaisk was merged into Pervomaisk Raion.[4][5]
Etymology
The name derives from the Russian pervomay (первомай) meaning "the first of May," (May Day). The city was formed in 1919 after the Bolshevik victory in the Ukrainian-Soviet war, as a result of the merger of three historic towns in the area.
The name for one of the merged towns, Bohopil (or Bohopol),[6] was derived from the name of a local river Southern Bug which in Polish and Ukrainian is named Boh.
History
The city was formed in 1919 when three neighbouring settlements: the village of Holta (Голта) and the town of Bohopil (Богопіль) around a county city of Olviopol (Ольвіополь) were merged. These towns existed from 1773 and the first settlement in the area was mentioned as early as 1676, it was called Orlyk (Орлик)[7]
In the 17th century Holta was part of Zaporizhian Sich, Bohopil was the customs point of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Olviopol was part of the Russian Empire.[8]
In World War II, Pervomaisk was occupied by the Axis Powers in 1941 and was divided between German occupation authorities on the east bank (Bohopol and Olviopol) and the Romanian-occupied region of Transnistria to the west (Holta). Holta served as the center of the Golta judeţ (district) of Transnistria. Pervomaisk had been more than 1/3 Jewish before the war but most were murdered during the occupation.
Elements of the Soviet Strategic Rocket Forces arrived in Pervomaisk for the first time as early as June 1960, and were present throughout the Cold War. The U.S.-funded Cooperative Threat Reduction Program began funding dismantlement of the missile infrastructure in the 1990s.[9]
In 2023 the working group of the National Commission on State Language Standards included Pervomaisk in the list of settlements in Ukraine that contain words with the root "Pervomaisk" ("May 1", the International Workers' Day of the Soviet Union) and can be renamed as part of decommunization and derussification campaigns in Ukraine.[10] Late June 2023 the Pervomaisk City Council initiated a public voting on renaming the city.[10]
Geography
Climate
| Climate data for Pervomaisk, Mykolaiv Oblast (1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 0.2 (32.4) |
1.5 (34.7) |
7.3 (45.1) |
16.0 (60.8) |
22.7 (72.9) |
25.8 (78.4) |
28.3 (82.9) |
28.1 (82.6) |
21.8 (71.2) |
14.7 (58.5) |
6.7 (44.1) |
1.5 (34.7) |
14.6 (58.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −2.6 (27.3) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
2.6 (36.7) |
10.0 (50.0) |
16.2 (61.2) |
19.6 (67.3) |
21.8 (71.2) |
21.2 (70.2) |
15.6 (60.1) |
9.4 (48.9) |
3.0 (37.4) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
9.4 (48.9) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −5.6 (21.9) |
−5.3 (22.5) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
4.7 (40.5) |
9.9 (49.8) |
13.8 (56.8) |
15.7 (60.3) |
14.9 (58.8) |
10.1 (50.2) |
5.0 (41.0) |
0.1 (32.2) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
4.9 (40.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 34.6 (1.36) |
34.3 (1.35) |
32.8 (1.29) |
33.2 (1.31) |
48.4 (1.91) |
79.3 (3.12) |
74.0 (2.91) |
52.5 (2.07) |
56.3 (2.22) |
38.8 (1.53) |
44.1 (1.74) |
37.8 (1.49) |
566.1 (22.29) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 7.1 | 6.9 | 6.7 | 6.4 | 7.0 | 8.9 | 7.6 | 5.5 | 6.1 | 5.6 | 6.6 | 6.9 | 81.3 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 83.9 | 81.7 | 75.6 | 65.1 | 63.4 | 68.1 | 65.5 | 63.4 | 70.0 | 76.7 | 84.1 | 85.6 | 73.6 |
| Source: World Meteorological Organization[11] | |||||||||||||
Notable people
- Selig Brodetsky (1888–1954), British mathematician, President of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- Edgar de Wahl (1867–1948), Baltic German teacher, mathematician and linguist, creator of Interlingue
Remarkable buildings and structures
In Pervomaisk, there is at 48°4'0"N 30°51'29"E a 196 metres tall guyed TV mast, equipped with 6 crossbars running from the mast body to the guys.
Pervomaisk was the former location of the 46th Rocket Division of the 43rd Rocket Army of the Soviet Strategic Rocket Forces, formed during the Cold War. The RT-23UTTKh intercontinental ballistic missile silos based at Pervomaisk were destroyed, partially with Nunn–Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction programme funding, during the 1990s.[9]
Gallery
Pervomaisk city council
Orthodox church of the Intercession of Our Lady in Pervomaisk
Workers destroying a SS-24 silo at Pervomaisk
See also
References
- Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
- "Первомайская городская громада" (in Russian). Портал об'єднаних громад України.
- Michael Holm, 46th Missile Division
- "Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ". Голос України (in Ukrainian). 2020-07-18. Retrieved 2020-10-03.
- "Нові райони: карти + склад" (in Ukrainian). Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України.
- "PERVOMAYSK (Bogopol) | ukraine - International Jewish Cemetery Project". Archived from the original on 2014-03-06. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
- Ольвіополь. Vol. 24. Інститут енциклопедичних досліджень НАН України. 2022. ISBN 9789660220744.
- No Holds Barred, The Ukrainian Week (19 July 2013)
- Harahan 2014.
- "Which new name for Pervomaisk do you like? Take part in the survey". gard.city (in Ukrainian). 29 June 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
- "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010". World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 17 July 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
- Harahan, Joseph P. (2014). "With Courage and Persistence - Eliminating and Securing Weapons of Mass Destruction with the Nunn-Luger Cooperative Threat Reduction Programs" (PDF). DTRA History Series. Defense Threat Reduction Agency. ASIN B01LYEJ56H. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-05-15. Retrieved 12 March 2023.
External links
- Official website of Pervomaisk (in Ukrainian)