Germanic sound shifts
Germanic sound shifts are the phonological developments (sound changes) from the Proto-Indo-European language (PIE) to Proto-Germanic, in Proto-Germanic itself, and in various Germanic subfamilies and languages.
PIE to Proto-Germanic
In Proto-Germanic
Germanic subfamilies and languages
- Germanic umlaut (all of the early languages except for Gothic)
- Great Vowel Shift (English)
- High German consonant shift
- Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law (attested in Old English, Old Frisian and Old Saxon)
- West Germanic gemination
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