German residence permit

A limited residence permit (a so-called Aufenthaltserlaubnis, literally residence permit) is valid for a certain period of time and is issued for a certain purpose:

• residence for educational purposes
• residence for the purpose of economic activity
• residence under international law or on humanitarian or political grounds
• residence for family reasons

The Aufenthaltserlaubnis does not automatically grant the right to work; instead the permission to work must be explicitly mentioned in the document.

An unlimited residence permit (a so-called Niederlassungserlaubnis, literally settlement permit) is a permanent residence permit. It grants the right to live and work in Germany under EU law. A foreigner receives a settlement permit if:

• he or she has held a residence permit for five years
• his or her livelihood is secure
• he or she is permitted to work
• he or she possesses sufficient living space for himself or herself and the members of his or her family forming part of his or her household

Additional provisions (e.g. whether the resident is allowed to work) are stored on the chip and are printed on a supplementary sheet which must be kept together with the residence permit.

The front side shows the symbol for biometric travel documents, the German Eagle, the European bull, and the words "AUFENTHALTSTITEL" and "RESIDENCE PERMIT". It contains the following information:

• Photo of ID card holder (biometric photo)
• Document number (9 alphanumeric digits)
• Access number for RFID chip (6 decimal digits)
• Surname
• Given name(s)
• Validity of residence permit: date of expire or "UNBEFRISTET" (unlimited)
• Place of issue
• First day of validity (dd-mm-yyyy)
• type of document ("AUFENTHALTSERLAUBNIS" or "NIEDERLASSUNGSERLAUBNIS")
• Notes:
  • Document number of corresponding passport
  • Date of expire of corresponding passport (dd-mm-yyyy)
  • If holder is permitted to work: "ERWERBSTÄTIGKEIT GESTATTET" (employment permitted)
  • If additional provisions exist: "SIEHE ZUSATZBLATT" (see supplementary sheet)
• Signature of holder

The back side contains the following information:

• Place of birth
• Date of birth (dd-mm-yyyy)
• Nationality (three-letter code)
• Sex (M or F)
• Height in cm
• Colour of eyes
• Residence (postal code, town, street, house number)
• Issuing authority
• Machine-readable zone

The three-line machine-readable zone on the back side contains the following information:

Empty spaces are represented by "<".

The residence permit contains a RFID chip. The chip stores the information given on the document (like name or date of birth), the holder's picture and, if the holder is at least 12 years old, also his/her fingerprints. The additional provisions are also stored on the chip. In addition, the new ID card can be used for online authentification (e.g. for age verification or for e-government applications). An electronic signature, provided by a private company, can also be stored on the chip.

The document number, the photo and the fingerprints can be read only by law enforcement agencies and some other authorities.

To use the online authentification function, the holder needs a six-digit decimal PIN. If the holder types in the wrong PIN, he has to type in the six-digit decimal access code given on the document to prove he/she really possesses the document. If the wrong PIN is used three times, a PUK must be used to unlock the chip. The data on the chip are protected by Basic Access Control and Extended Access Control.

The residence permit contains the following security features:

• multicoloured guillochés
• microprinting: EU and DEUTSCHLAND
• fluorescent elements:
  • UV overprint: stars, lines, and EU luminesce in various colors under UV light
  • randomly distributed fluorescent fibres which luminesce under UV light
• tactile features:
  • access number for RFID chip is tactile
  • surface embossing: map of Germany and microlettering
• security thread: colour changes when viewed under different angles; is personalized: NNNNNNNNNN<<SURNAME<<GIVEN<NAMES<<<<<<<<<< (NNNNNNNNNN is the document number including a check digit; a total of 42 digits can be found on the thread))
• changeable laser image: shows either the date of expire or the holder's portrait depending on angle
• color-changing ink: the colour of the biometric travel documents symbol changes from green to gold to red
• 2D and 3D holographic security elements:
  • colour-changing holograms colour changes depending on angle (violet-blue-turquoise-green-yellow-orange-red)
    • holographic portrait: holographic reproduction of the holder's picture
    • four eagles at the left side of the holographic portrait: change their colour under a different angle than the portrait itself
    • document number: NNNNNNNNN, 9 digits
    • holder's name: SURNAME<<GIVEN<NAMES<<<<<<<<<<, 30 digits
  • green kinematic structures above the conventional picture:
    • EU Kinegram: bright E on dark background changes to dark E on bright background when document is tilted
    • hexagon: moves across the picture when document is tilted
    • stars: change their size when document is tilted
    • text on the left side of the picture; visible only under a certain angle
      • macrolettering: BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND
      • microlettering: BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND
  • machine-verifiable structure: a red spot which can be checked by machines
  • 3D eagle: a red-gold eagle visible only under a certain angle