Azar v. Garza

Garza v. Hargan (Azar v. Garza after Alex Azar's confirmation as United States Secretary of Health and Human Services) is a case before the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit regarding a juvenile undocumented immigrant in the custody of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement who sought to have an abortion.[1][2][3]

Azar v. Garza
Supreme Court of the United States
Decided June 4, 2018
Full case nameAlex Azar, II, Secretary of Health and Human Services, et al. v. Rochelle Garza, as guardian ad litem to unaccompanied minor J. D.
Docket no.17-654
Citations584 U.S. ___ (more)
Case history
PriorTemporary restraining order granted, Garza v. Hargan, No. 1:17-cv–02122 (D.D.C. Oct. 18, 2017); vacated in part, D.C. Cir., Oct. 19, 2017; vacated and remanded, 874 F. 3d 735 (D.C. Cir. 2017) (en banc)
Holding
Judgment below should be vacated and remanded with a direction to dismiss when a federal civil case has become moot while on its way to the Supreme Court.
Court membership
Chief Justice
John Roberts
Associate Justices
Anthony Kennedy · Clarence Thomas
Ruth Bader Ginsburg · Stephen Breyer
Samuel Alito · Sonia Sotomayor
Elena Kagan · Neil Gorsuch
Case opinion
Per curiam
Laws applied
U.S. Const. amend. XIV

Background

In early September 2017, a seventeen-year-old Jane Doe, was apprehended after illegally crossing the Mexico–United States border into Texas.[4]: 1812  As an unaccompanied minor, Jane was placed into care of the Office of Refugee Resettlement.[4]: 1813  Jane, who was then eight weeks pregnant, was sent to an ORR funded shelter where she decided to have an abortion.[4]: 1813  A Texas judge granted Jane a judicial bypass to the state's parental consent law and allowed her to seek an abortion on September 25, 2017.[4]: 1813 

The ORR refused to allow Jane to leave the shelter to have her abortion.[4]: 1813  In March 2017, new ORR Director Scott Lloyd had forbid federally funded shelters from taking "any action that facilitates" an abortion without his express approval.[4]: 1813 [5] Jane's guardian ad litem, Rochelle Garza, then sued the Acting United States Secretary of Health and Human Services, Eric Hargan, in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, alleging that the government was violating Jane's constitutional right to an abortion in the United States.[4]: 1813 

On October 18, 2017, U.S. District Judge Tanya S. Chutkan granted Jane's request for a temporary restraining order, ordering the government to allow Jane to leave the shelter to attend the pre-abortion counseling required by Texas law and to undergo the abortion.[6][4]: 1813  On October 20, a panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit granted the government's emergency motion to stay Judge Chutkan's order.[4]: 1813  In an unsigned order by Circuit Judges Brett Kavanaugh and Karen L. Henderson, the court allowed ORR to keep Jane from leaving its shelter to undergo an abortion until October 31, provided that the government "expeditiously" placed Jane in an outside sponsor's custody.[4]: 1814  Circuit Judge Patricia Millett wrote a dissent in which she argued the majority was imposing an undue burden on abortion in violation of Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt (2016).[4]: 1814 

On October 24, the full en banc D.C. Circuit reversed the panel majority, reimposing the district court order requiring the government to grant Jane access to an abortion.[7][4]: 1815  Judge Millet added a concurrence reiterating the arguments in her earlier dissent.[4]: 1815  Judge Henderson dissented, arguing that an undocumented immigrant is not a "person" under the United States Constitution and so does not have rights under the Due Process Clause.[4]: 1815  Judge Kavanaugh, joined by Judges Henderson and Thomas B. Griffith, dissented, defending the panel decision.[4]: 1815  That day, District Judge Chutkan amended her order to allow Jane's abortion to proceed "promptly and without delay".[4]: 1815  Jane had her pregnancy aborted on October 25.[4]: 1815 

Supreme Court

On November 3, 2017, the Solicitor General of the United States, Noel Francisco, petitioned the Supreme Court of the United States for a writ of certiorari to vacate the D.C. Circuit's ruling and moved for sanctions against Jane's lawyers at the American Civil Liberties Union.[8] Francisco accused David D. Cole of professional misconduct for not informing the Justice Department that Jane's abortion procedure had been rescheduled to earlier than anticipated.[8] According to Francisco, this wrongfully prevented the government from seeking an emergency order from the Supreme Court blocking the procedure.[8]

On June 4, 2018, the Supreme Court granted review and vacated the judgment on the ground that the claim for injunctive relief granted by the lower court had become moot when the girl followed through with the abortion. Vacating the lower court decision prevents it from having any value as precedent.[9][10] The Court did not grant the government's request for sanctions against Jane's attorneys.[11] The opinion was unsigned.

On December 18, 2017, Judge Chutkan granted relief to two additional pregnant girls in ORR care who had sued for access to an abortion.[12] On March 30, 2018, Judge Chutkan certified the pregnant girls' lawsuit as a class action and ordered the government to provide access to abortions to all girls in ORR's custody.[13]

Further reading

References
  1. "A Federal Appeals Court Just Ruled That An Undocumented Teen Can Get An Abortion". BuzzFeed. Archived from the original on October 25, 2017. Retrieved October 24, 2017.
  2. "Abortion decision for undocumented 17-year-old in US custody delayed". ABC News. October 21, 2017. Archived from the original on October 24, 2017. Retrieved October 24, 2017.
  3. Sacchetti, Maria; Marimow, Ann E. (October 20, 2017). "Appeals court delays abortion for undocumented teen; gives government time to find her a sponsor". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on October 25, 2017. Retrieved October 24, 2017.
  4. Note, Recent Case: En Banc D.C. Circuit Upholds Order Requiring HHS to Allow an Undocumented Minor to Have an Abortion, 131 Harv. L. Rev. 1812 (2018).
  5. Peters, Jeremy W. (5 April 2018). "Under Trump, an Office Meant to Help Refugees Enters the Abortion Wars". The New York Times. p. A1. Archived from the original on 18 June 2018. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
  6. Garza v. Hargan, No. 1:17-cv-02122 (D.D.C. Oct. 18, 2017).
  7. Garza v. Hargan, 874 F.3d 735 (D.C. Cir. 2017).
  8. Liptak, Adam (3 November 2017). "Justice Department Accuses A.C.L.U. of Misconduct in Abortion Case". The New York Times. p. A10. Archived from the original on 18 June 2018. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
  9. Azar v. Garcia, 584 U. S. ____ (2018).
  10. "Azar v. Garza". Oyez. Archived from the original on August 1, 2018. Retrieved August 3, 2018.
  11. Liptak, Adam (4 June 2018). "Supreme Court Rejects Bid to Discipline A.C.L.U." The New York Times. p. A14. Archived from the original on 18 June 2018. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
  12. Astor, Maggie (18 December 2017). "2 Undocumented Teenagers Must Be Allowed Abortions, Judge Rules". The New York Times. p. A14. Archived from the original on 18 June 2018. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
  13. Stevens, Matt (31 March 2018). "Judge Temporarily Stops U.S. From Blocking Undocumented Teenagers' Abortions". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 18 June 2018. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
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