Frank de Boer

Franciscus de Boer (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈfrɑŋɡ də ˈbuːr];[lower-alpha 1] born 15 May 1970) is a Dutch football manager who is currently the head coach of UAE Pro League club Al Jazira. A former defender, De Boer spent most of his professional playing career with Ajax, winning five Eredivisie titles, two KNVB Cups, three Super Cups, one UEFA Super Cup, one UEFA Cup, one UEFA Champions League, and one Intercontinental Cup. He later spent five years at Barcelona, where he won the 1998–99 La Liga title, followed by short spells at Galatasaray, Rangers, Al-Rayyan and Al-Shamal before retiring.

For other uses, see De Boer.
In this Dutch name, the surname is de Boer, not Boer.
Frank de Boer
De Boer as manager of Ajax in 2011
Personal information
Full name Franciscus de Boer[1]
Date of birth (1970-05-15) 15 May 1970[2]
Place of birth Hoorn, Netherlands[2]
Height 1.79 m (5 ft 10 in)[3]
Position(s) Defender
Team information
Current team
 Al Jazira (manager)
Youth career
1984–1988 Ajax
Senior career*
Years Team Apps (Gls)
1988–1999 Ajax 328 (30)
1999–2003 Barcelona 144 (5)
2003–2004 Galatasaray 15 (1)
2004 Rangers 15 (2)
2004–2005 Al-Rayyan 16 (5)
2005–2006 Al-Shamal 1 (0)
Total 519 (43)
International career
1990–2004 Netherlands 112 (13)
Managerial career
2006–2010 Ajax (youth)
2008–2010 Netherlands (assistant)
2010–2016 Ajax
2016 Inter Milan
2017 Crystal Palace
2018–2020 Atlanta United
2020–2021 Netherlands
2023– Al Jazira
Medal record
Men's football
Representing  Netherlands
UEFA European Championship
Bronze medal – third place1992 Sweden
Bronze medal – third place2000 Belgium-Netherlands
Bronze medal – third place2004 Portugal
*Club domestic league appearances and goals

De Boer is the third-most capped outfield player in the history of the Netherlands national team, with 112 caps.[4] He captained Oranje to the semi-finals of both the 1998 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 2000. He is the twin brother of Ronald de Boer, with whom he was a teammate at Ajax, Barcelona, Rangers, Al-Rayyan, Al-Shamal and the Netherlands national team.

After retiring from playing, De Boer went into management with the Ajax youth team and as assistant to Bert van Marwijk with the Netherlands national team. In December 2010, he took over as manager of Ajax and went on to win the Eredivisie title in his first season. In 2013, he received the Rinus Michels Award for manager of the year in the Netherlands after leading Ajax to their third successive Eredivisie title.[5] The following year, he became the first manager to win four consecutive Eredivisie titles.[4] He then had brief spells managing in Serie A with Internazionale in 2016, Crystal Palace in the Premier League in 2017, and Atlanta United in MLS from 2018 to 2020. De Boer was appointed head coach of the Netherlands national team in September 2020, but left less than a year later in June 2021 after the team's disappointing Euro 2020 campaign.

Club career

Ajax
De Boer was a pallbearer for his Ajax teammate Lloyd Doesburg, who died in Surinam Airways Flight 764.

De Boer began his career as a left back at Ajax before switching to centre-back, a position he made his own for many years in the national team. He won both the 1991–92 UEFA Cup and 1994–95 UEFA Champions League while at Ajax, in addition to five Eredivisie titles and two KNVB Cups. However, after signing a six-year contract extension with Ajax for the 1998–99 season, he and his twin brother Ronald took successful legal action to have it voided. Ajax had a verbal agreement that if a lucrative offer for one brother came by, he would be released provided the other stayed. Ajax, however, apparently backed down on that agreement after floating the club on the stock market and pledging to shareholders that it would hold both of the De Boers and build around them a team to recapture the Champions League.[6]

Barcelona

In January 1999, Frank and Ronald de Boer signed for Spanish La Liga club Barcelona for £22 million, joining their former Ajax manager Louis van Gaal at the Camp Nou.[7] After winning the 1998–99 La Liga title, they were unable to repeat their earlier triumphs. In 2000, Van Gaal was sacked by Barcelona and Frank suffered the ignominy of testing positive for the banned substance nandrolone a year later. He was suspended but he was reinstated after a successful appeal.[8]

Later career

De Boer briefly moved to Galatasaray in the summer of 2003 before joining his brother at Rangers in January 2004. He made his Rangers debut in a 1–0 win away at Partick Thistle, but in his second appearance for the club he missed the decisive penalty in the shootout as Rangers lost to Hibernian in the Scottish League Cup semi-final.[9][10] He made a total of 17 appearances for Rangers, scoring two goals against Aberdeen and Dundee.[11][12] The De Boer brothers left Rangers after UEFA Euro 2004 to play the rest of their football careers in Qatar with Al-Rayyan.[13] De Boer announced his retirement from football in April 2006.

International career

Having represented his national team 112 times,[14] he was the most capped player in the history of the Netherlands national team, until Edwin van der Sar surpassed him. De Boer made his debut for the Netherlands in September 1990 against Italy.

De Boer also played for the Netherlands in the 1994 and 1998 FIFA World Cups, and the 1992, 2000 and 2004 UEFA European Championships. He is well-remembered for the arching 60-yard pass which allowed Dennis Bergkamp to score the last-minute goal that eliminated Argentina in the quarter-finals of the 1998 World Cup.[15][16][17] During Euro 2000, hosted in his home country and Belgium, De Boer reached another semi-final with the Dutch team. De Boer missed an important penalty kick in the first half of the semi-finals against 10-man Italy and another in the penalty shootout, which led to the Netherlands' elimination from the tournament.[18]

On 29 March 2003, in a home match against Czech Republic, De Boer became the first Dutch male footballer to gain 100 caps.[19] He ended his international career after an injury forced him to be replaced in a quarter-final match with Sweden at Euro 2004.[20] The injury ruled him out from the semi-final match against Portugal, which the Netherlands lost 2–1.[21][22]

Style of play

A talented and well-rounded world-class defender, in addition to his defensive skills, De Boer was also known for his pace, technical ability, accurate passing, and leadership, which enabled him to carry the ball out of defence, play it out from the back, or contribute to his team's offensive play by initiating attacks and creating chances for strikers with long balls. A versatile, intelligent, and elegant left-footed defender, with an ability to read the game and intercept loose balls, he was capable of playing both on the left and in the centre, and was even deployed as a sweeper. He was also a dangerous set-piece taker, renowned for his accurate bending free kicks from anywhere around the penalty area.[23][24][25][26][27][28][29]

Managerial career

In 2007, De Boer took up a coaching role at his former club Ajax where he was in charge of the club's youth sector. During the 2010 World Cup, he was the assistant of the Netherlands national football team to manager Bert van Marwijk, together with retired player Phillip Cocu.[30] The Dutch team reached the final of the tournament, losing to Spain.

Ajax
De Boer with Ajax in 2011

On 6 December 2010, after the resignation of Martin Jol, De Boer was appointed caretaker manager of Ajax until the winter break. His first game in charge was a Champions League match against Milan at the San Siro, a match Ajax won 2–0 through goals from Demy de Zeeuw and Toby Alderweireld.[31] De Boer then went on to help Ajax become champions of the Eredivisie for the 2010–11 season in a 3–1 home victory over Twente, the champions of the previous year, on the final matchday, making the first year of his professional coaching career a golden one. "I couldn't have wished for a more beautiful birthday present", said De Boer, as the club's 30th championship was won on his 41st birthday.[32]

In two-and-a-half years at the helm of Ajax, De Boer won three championships, making eight in total (when including the five that he won as a player). According to reports, De Boer was offered the chance to interview for the Liverpool job but turned it down to remain with Ajax. "I am honoured by the request [from Liverpool] but I have only just started with Ajax", he said.[33] In 2013, De Boer received the Rinus Michels Award for manager of the year in the Netherlands after leading Ajax to their third successive Eredivisie title.[5]

On 27 April 2014, De Boer won his fourth successive Eredivisie title with Ajax, the first manager ever to achieve this in the Dutch league. Moreover, it marked the first time Ajax has ever won four successive Eredivisie titles. De Boer has now won a total of nine Eredivisie championships with Ajax as a player and manager, another record; Johan Cruyff, Sjaak Swart and Jack Reynolds all won eight Eredivisie championships with Ajax. Ajax finished the 2014–15 Eredivisie in second position, a massive 17 points behind champions PSV.

On 11 May 2016, De Boer announced his resignation as manager of Ajax following a disappointing season when Ajax again lost out on the Eredivisie title to PSV on the final matchday of the season.[34]

Inter Milan

On 9 August 2016, after the departure of Roberto Mancini, De Boer signed a three-year contract with Internazionale for the start of the 2016–17 season.[35] De Boer's first match in charge was Inter's final pre-season friendly, a 2–0 win against Celtic on 13 August, played on neutral ground at Thomond Park, Republic of Ireland.[36]

The club management board also approved expensive signings João Mário and Gabriel Barbosa for the team and De Boer (they were in fact linked to Mancini and Inter in July),[37] and the return to Turkey of recent acquisition Caner Erkin in the last days of transfer window. Barbosa, however, was rarely used in Serie A matches and could not be registered in European competitions due to a penalty imposed on Inter for breaching UEFA Financial Fair Play Regulations in previous seasons.

De Boer's first competitive match was a 2–0 away loss to Chievo on 21 August.[38] After the match, De Boer was criticized for using a three-man defence, a style that he had never used while at Ajax.[38] Milan-based newspaper Corriere della Sera went as far as calling Inter's performance a "disaster".[39] Fortunes soon turned, however, as Inter drew 1–1 against Palermo on 28 August, before winning three games in a row, against Pescara, title-holders Juventus and Empoli.[40] The win against Juventus was highly praised, with De Boer being lauded for substituting Éder for Ivan Perišić, who provided the winning goal.[41] Inter's form would not last long, as the club would go on to lose against Roma, Cagliari and Atalanta.

Inter also struggled in the UEFA Europa League under De Boer, as they lost the opening match 0–2 at home against Israeli team Hapoel Be'er Sheva on 15 September,[42] and 3–1 against Sparta Prague on 29 September.[43] Inter would then go on to finish last in their group with a total of six points, with three points under De Boer and another three under his successor.

Following a run of four defeats in the last five Serie A matches, which left Inter in 12th place in Serie A, De Boer was sacked on 1 November, having been in charge for only 85 days.[44] His last match was a 1–0 loss to Sampdoria on 30 October.[45] Ironically, during a press interview in the annual general meeting of the shareholders of Internazionale on 28 October, CEO Michael Bolingbroke had confirmed that the club was 100% backing De Boer.[46] (Bolingbroke himself resigned a few days later. Liu Jun, vice-president of sister company Suning Sports, replaced Bolingbroke.)

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De Boer argued that he "needed more time" in order to make a mark as manager at Inter, and thanked his fans on his Twitter profile for the support.[47][48] He was replaced by former Lazio manager Stefano Pioli on 8 November, the ninth manager Inter had appointed since winning the Treble in 2010 under José Mourinho. Following Pioli's initial struggles at Inter, De Boer hit back at the lack of leadership following Suning's takeover of Inter, which he credits for the lack of trust he was given while there.[49]

Crystal Palace

On 26 June 2017, De Boer was announced as the new manager of Premier League side Crystal Palace, replacing Sam Allardyce. He signed a three-year deal with the South London club,[50][51] but was sacked 10 weeks later when Palace lost their first four league matches of the season without scoring a single goal – the first team in 93 years to have begun a top-flight season in such a fashion.[52] He left having managed the team for only 450 minutes of game time, making it the shortest reign of the Premier League era (in terms of number of matches, rather than number of days).[53] De Boer's only win came in an EFL Cup second-round game, in which Crystal Palace won 2–1 against Ipswich Town.[52][54] He was replaced by Roy Hodgson.[55]

Whilst at the club, De Boer attempted to implement a possession-based style of play; after his sacking, he criticised the club's players for their resistance to his approach, arguing that the club had signed only two players to fit his philosophy.[56] Palace winger Wilfried Zaha commented on De Boer's brief time at the club, stating "There wasn't really the right mixture [of players] for the way we wanted to play."[57]

Referencing De Boer's stint at Crystal Palace, José Mourinho described De Boer as "the worst manager in the history of the Premier League".[58]

Atlanta United

On 23 December 2018, De Boer was announced as the head coach of Major League Soccer side Atlanta United, succeeding Gerardo "Tata" Martino to become the second head coach in the club's history.[59] In his first season, the team won both the U.S. Open Cup and Campeones Cup, while in MLS action finishing second in the Eastern Conference and reaching the Eastern Conference final.

On 24 July 2020, following Atlanta's elimination from the MLS is Back Tournament after losing all three of their matches, Atlanta and De Boer mutually agreed to part ways.[60]

Netherlands

On 23 September 2020, the KNVB announced that De Boer would be the new manager of the country's national football team, signing a contract until the end of 2022.[61] On 11 November 2020, after a 1–1 draw with Spain, De Boer became the first ever Netherlands manager to fail to win any of his first four fixtures.[62]

He managed the Netherlands at the UEFA Euro 2020, where despite topping their group, they ultimately lost 2–0 to Czech Republic in the round of 16 and were eliminated.[63] As a result of the team's poor Euros performance, on 29 June 2021, the KNVB announced that it had parted ways with De Boer.[64]

Al Jazira

On 5 June 2023, Al Jazira announced De Boer as the successor of Marcel Keizer, he signed a two-year contract with the Abu Dhabi club.[65]

Career statistics

Player
Club Season League Cup League Cup Continental Other Total
DivisionAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoals
Ajax 1988–89 Eredivisie 27020––290
1989–90 Eredivisie 25030–10–290
1990–91 Eredivisie 34120––361
1991–92 Eredivisie 30130–120–451
1992–93 Eredivisie 34351–81–473
1993–94 Eredivisie 34142–6111455
1994–95 Eredivisie 34930–102104811
1995–96 Eredivisie 32320–9111445
1996–97 Eredivisie 32400–9010424
1997–98 Eredivisie 31552–82–449
1998–99 Eredivisie 15310–60–223
Total 32830305006974243144
Barcelona 1998–99 La Liga 19242––234
1999–2000 La Liga 22070–12220432
2000–01 La Liga 34371–111–525
2001–02 La Liga 34000–130–470
2002–03 La Liga 35010–143–503
Total 1445193005062021514
Galatasaray 2003–04 Süper Lig 151000060–211
Rangers 2003–04 Scottish Premier League 1521010–172
Al-Rayyan 2004–05 Qatar Stars League 165–165
Al-Shamal 2005–06 Qatar Stars League 10–10
Career total 5194350810125136270166

International
Source:[66]

Appearances by national team and year

National team YearAppsGoals
Netherlands 199030
199121
199270
199370
1994140
199560
199651
199763
1998151
199970
2000134
200161
200271
2003101
200440
Total11213

International goals

(Source)[67]

Scores and results list Netherlands' goal tally first.
GoalDateVenueOpponentScoreResultCompetition
1.5 June 1991Helsingin olympiastadion, Helsinki, Finland Finland
1–0
1–1
UEFA Euro 1992 qualifying
2.9 November 1996Philips Stadion, Eindhoven, Netherlands Wales
4–1
7–1
1998 FIFA World Cup qualification
3.29 March 1997Amsterdam Arena, Amsterdam, Netherlands San Marino
2–0
4–0 1998 FIFA World Cup qualification
4.
4–0
5.30 April 1997Stadio Olimpico, Serravalle, San Marino  San Marino
4–0
6–0
 1998 FIFA World Cup qualification
6.1 June 1998Philips Stadion, Eindhoven, Netherlands Paraguay
4–1
5–1
Friendly
7.4 June 2000Stade Olympique de la Pontaise, Lausanne, Switzerland Poland
1–0
3–1
 Friendly
8.11 June 2000Amsterdam Arena, Amsterdam, Netherlands Czech Republic
1–0
1–0
UEFA Euro 2000
9.21 June 2000 Amsterdam Arena, Amsterdam, Netherlands France
2–2
3–2
 UEFA Euro 2000
10.15 November 2000Estadio Olímpico, Seville, Spain Spain
2–1
2–1
Friendly
11.2 June 2001Lilleküla staadion, Tallinn, Estonia Estonia
1–0
4–2
2002 FIFA World Cup qualification
12.27 March 2002Stadion Feijenoord, Rotterdam, Netherlands Spain
1–0
1–0
Friendly
13.19 November 2003Amsterdam Arena, Amsterdam, Netherlands Scotland
5–0
6–0
UEFA Euro 2004 qualifying

Managerial statistics
As of match played 20 October 2023[68]
Managerial record by team and tenure
Team Nat From To Record
G W D L GF GA GD Win %
Ajax Netherlands 6 December 2010 11 May 2016 263 158 58 47 557 263 +294 060.08
Inter Milan Italy 9 August 2016 1 November 2016 14 5 2 7 15 19 −4 035.71
Crystal Palace England 26 June 2017 11 September 2017 5 1 0 4 2 8 −6 020.00
Atlanta United United States 23 December 2018 24 July 2020 55 31 5 19 91 66 +25 056.36
Netherlands Netherlands 23 September 2020 29 June 2021 15 8 4 3 31 15 +16 053.33
Al Jazira United Arab Emirates 5 June 2023 present 8 4 3 1 17 9 +8 050.00
Total 360 207 72 81 713 380 +333 057.50

Honours

Player

Ajax[69]

Barcelona[69]

Al Rayyan

Netherlands

Individual

Manager
De Boer was assistant manager for the Dutch at the 2010 World Cup.

Ajax

Atlanta United

Individual

See also

Notes
  1. Frank in isolation is pronounced [frɑŋk].

References
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