Flavia Agnes

Flavia Agnes is an Indian women's rights lawyer[1] with expertise in marital, divorce, and property law.[2] She has published articles in the journals Subaltern Studies, Economic and Political Weekly, and Manushi. She writes on themes of minorities and law, gender and law, law in the context of women's movements,[3] and on issues of domestic violence, feminist jurisprudence, and minority rights.[1]

Flavia Agnes
BornMumbai, India
OccupationLawyer, activist, author, lecturer
Website
www.majlislaw.com

Early life

Flavia Agnes was born in Mumbai. She grew up in Mangalore, Karnataka in a small town called Kadri, where she lived with her aunt. As one of six children, Agnes was the only child to stay in Mangalore.[1] On the eve of her Secondary School Certificate (SSC) exams, her aunt died, and Agnes went to Aden, Yemen, and worked as a typist. Her family returned to Mangalore [4] after Agnes' father's death in her teenage years. After his death, the women in her family, particularly her mother and her aunt, became increasingly influential in her upbringing.[1]

Personal life

Agnes is Christian a religious minority in India.[1] Her religious affiliation affects various domains of her life, such as her marriage and her political motivations.[1] Her mother urged her to have an arranged marriage.[1] Although she has not publicly disclosed the details of her marriage problems,[1] she reportedly had a bad marriage and tried for a divorce. The divorce proceedings took much longer than anticipated. As a Christian, Agnes was not entitled to 'divorce on the grounds of cruelty' under the Christian Marriage Act and had to ask for a judicial separation.[4]

The church provided an outlet for Agnes to become politically active.[1] She became inspired by engaging in church lecturers and listening to outside speakers,[1] particularly one entitled: "Christ the Radical" that covered the anti-rape movement.[1] This event in particular led to Agnes joining the Forum against Oppression of Women later on.[1]

Education

Prior to her marriage, Agnes had only completed her SSC exams. Agnes' greater involvement in the women's movement led her to study further to obtain meaningful employment, live independently and secure custody of her children. As a result, Agnes completed the Shreemati Nathibai Damodar Thackersey Women's University (SNDT) entrance exam and completed a Bachelor of Arts (BA) in Sociology with Distinction in 1980.[4]

Agnes then completed an LLB in 1988 and began to practice law at the Mumbai High Court. She later completed her LLM from Mumbai University in 1992.[4] She received an MPhil from National Law School of India University, Bangalore (NLSIU) in 1997. For her thesis, which was later published by Oxford University Press, she worked on law and gender equality, examining the politics of personal laws in different religious communities, particularly those affecting women.

Career

Law

Agnes began working in the field of women in law in the 1980s, at the beginning of the second phase of the women's movement,[5] and since 1988, Agnes has been a practicing lawyer at the Mumbai High Court. Her own experience with domestic violence inspired her to become a women's rights lawyer.[6] She also advises the government on law implementation and currently advises the Ministry of Women and Child Development in Maharashtra.[7]

As a lawyer, she is concerned with women's rights, particularly women's economic rights. Her goal is to solve women's inequality and impoverishment within the Indian economic structure, especially regarding property ownership.[5] She acknowledges that some Hindu women were not allowed any property, and other women were allowed a small amount in the pre-colonial and civil time in India under the British law.[5] Women eventually gained more independence before marriage, but not in the sense of property law.[5]

Teaching

Subsequent to her M.Phil., Agnes became a guest faculty at NLSIU. She is also a member of the visiting faculty at National Academy of Legal Studies and Research, Hyderabad (NALSAR) and Jindal Global Law School. She has also taught in medical schools.

MAJLIS

Along with Madhushree Dutta, Agnes is the co-founder of MAJLIS, meaning 'association' in Arabic, "a legal and cultural resource centre."[8] that campaigns for and provides legal representation for women on issues such as matrimonial rights and child custody.[9] Since its inception in 1990, MAJLIS has provided legal services for 50,000 women.[10]

Recognition

In August 2018 Power Brands awarded Agnes the Bharatiya Manavata Vikas Puraskar for her work with marginalized and disenfranchised women and children, her contributions to feminist jurisprudence, human rights law and gender studies in India, and for the work of her organisation, Majlis.[11]

Views

Death penalty

While death in the Indian judiciary system is handed out in cases described as "rarest of rare", Agnes and her team of lawyers at MAJLIS have been prominent critics of the death penalty and oppose it for all cases. Sometimes their opposition has been controversial, as they opposed it for the accused in both the Nirbhaya case and the Shakti Mills case. Agnes talks of a class bias when it comes to convicting those accused of rape, and points out that as per the rules of Section 376E (which allows death penalty for cases of rape) the accused must be "unrepentant repeat offenders". In both the aforementioned cases, that was not the case and, according to Agnes, this type of judgement serves to "dilute" the 'rarest of rare' premise. Agnes is also against the concept that rape is worse than death or that a woman who is raped is a "zinda laash" (walking dead)[12] pointing out that not only does this concept demean women but if rape is equated with murder, "more women will be killed after they are raped. Even worse, fewer women will report rape, particularly if it is committed by a near and dear one."[13]

Sexual assault of men

Agnes has voiced opposition to making rape laws gender neutral, expounding that criminalizing rape of men 'harm women more than men.' Agnes also said 'we [women's groups] opposed it when they made child rape laws gender neutral.[14]

The Global Feminisms Project

Flavia Agnes is a part of the Global Feminisms Project, an archive created in 2002 to explore women scholars and activists around the world.[15] The initial Project focused on four countries: China, India, Poland, and the United States, and was headed by the University of Michigan's Abigail Stewart, Jayati Lal, and Kristin McGuire. Three additional country sites (Nicaragua, Brazil and Russia) have been added. The project currently consists of seven countries and 79 interviews. The interviews are focused on the women's experiences and their feminist activism.

References
  1. McGuire, Kristin (2010). "Becoming Feminist Activists: Comparing Narratives". Feminist Narratives. 36: 99–125.
  2. "I think I have done pretty well as Flavia Agnes". 5 March 2012. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
  3. "Dr. Flavia Agnes to Speak on "Women's Rights and Legal Advocacy in India"". University of Wisconsin-Madison. 3 November 2009. Archived from the original on 10 September 2015. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
  4. Khan, Parizaad (14 August 2009). "Freedom from abuse". Retrieved 16 September 2014.
  5. Shodhan, Amrita (2000). Agnes, Flavia (ed.). "Women, Personal Laws and the Changing Juridical Practice". Economic and Political Weekly. 35 (15): 1259–1261. JSTOR 4409145.
  6. Agnes, Flavia; Douglas, Carol Anne; Henry, Alice (May 1988). "Interview: Feminism in India: Violence, Trades". Off Our Backs. 18 (5): 4–5. JSTOR 25796296.
  7. Chowdhary, Seema. "Indian Lawyer Overcomes Domestic Abuse to Defend Women's Rights". Global Press Journal. No. 24 May 2013. India News Desk. Archived from the original on 18 March 2015. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
  8. Vincent, Subramaniam (1 June 2004). "Status of Indian Women's Rights". India Together. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
  9. "Flavia Agnes". berkleycenter.georgetown.edu.
  10. Jaisingani, Bella (20 June 2011). "Once victim overcomes fear, half the battle's won". No. Times of India. Bennet, Coleman & Co. Ltd. Times News Network. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
  11. "Daily India media recognizes 13 Indian stalwarts with Bharatiya Manavata Vikas Puraskar 2018". 5 September 2018. Archived from the original on 9 May 2019. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
  12. Tatke, Sukhada (5 April 2014). "Opinions divided on Shakti Mills case". The Hindu. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
  13. Agnes, Flavia (5 April 2014). "Why I oppose death penalty for rapists". Mumbai Mirror. Bennet, Coleman & Co. Ltd. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
  14. "Cabinet nod to make rape gender-neutral riles women's groups". The Times of India. 20 July 2012. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
  15. "Welcome to Global Feminisms at the University of Michigan | Global Feminisms at the University of Michigan". globalfeminisms.umich.edu. Retrieved 7 March 2018.

Further reading
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