First Air Group
The First Air Group (Swedish: Första flygeskadern, E 1), previously named Air Group (Swedish: Flygeskadern) and later named Attack Group (Swedish: Attackeskadern) was an air group unit in the Swedish Air Force. The First Air Group was the collective name given to the attack wings who would jointly carry out heavier attacks in the event of war. It was active in various formations from 1938 to 1995. It was directly subordinate to the Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces and therefore nicknamed ÖB:s klubba ("Supreme Commander's club").[1]
| First Air Group | |
|---|---|
| Första flygeskadern | |
| Active | 1938–1995 |
| Country | Sweden |
| Allegiance | Swedish Armed Forces |
| Branch | Swedish Air Force |
| Type | Mixed (1938–1948) Attack (1948–1995) |
| Size | Group |
| Part of | Southern Military District |
| Garrison/HQ | Karlsborg (1938-1942) Stockholm (1942–1957) Gothenburg (1957–1995) |
| Nickname(s) | ÖB:s klubba[1] |
| Insignia | |
| Roundel |  |
| Aircraft flown | |
| Attack | A 21A-3 A 32A Lansen AJ 37 Viggen |
| Bomber | B 3 Junkers B 4 Hawker Hart B 17 B 18 B 18B |
| Fighter | J 8 Gloster Gladiator J 21 J 21R |
| Reconnaissance | S 6 Fokker |
| T 18B | |
Naming
Since its foundation in 1926, the Swedish Air Force grouped its aircraft into Flygkår (Air Corps, like the Första flygkåren, Andra flygkåren, Tredje flygkåren - the First, the Second, the Third Air Corps etc.), this being the aviation equivalent of an army regiment. In 1936 the Swedish Air Force switched from army-like to navy-like naming of its flying units. Thus the "air corps" became "flying flotillas" (flygflottiljer, sing. flygflottilj) with the respective geographic region added as an official name, thus the Second Air Corps (Andra Flygkår) established in 1926 became the Second Royal Roslagen Flying Flotilla (Andra Kungliga Roslagens Flygflottilj) in 1936. Following the naval nomenclature these flying flotillas were further divided into divisions (divisioner, sing. division) like the navy's destroyer divisions.
In the end of 1938, the Swedish Air Force formed an air squadron (Flygeskadern) in the end of 1938. In 1942, it became the First Air Squadron (E1 Första Flygeskadern), with the Second and Third to follow in 1943 and the Fourth in 1945. So the traditional Swedish naming of air units is as follows:
History
According to the Defence Act of 1936, an air group commander would in case of war carry out the immediate command of the Swedish Air Force units that were part of the air group. In peacetime, his duties were to plan exercises, inspect wing exercises, and conduct co-exercises and major practical exercises, that is, not to have constant command of Swedish Air Force wings.[2] Flygeskadern (the "Air Group") was organized in response to the emergency preparedness in September 1939 and was resolved (except for the staff) in the latter part of 1940. According to the Defence Act of 1942, four air groups would be permanently organized and in peacetime command the constituent wings regarding tactical and operational exercises. Its staff was located in Karlsborg from 1939 to 1942. In 1942, the Swedish Air Force expanded its war organization into four air groups and the Air Group was renamed First Air Group (Första flygeskadern, E 1), with its staff in Stockholm. The distribution of the Swedish Air Force wings to the air groups varied from 1 July 1945, when all four air groups had been organized. The First Air Group had attack duties, the Second and Third Air Group had fighter duties and the Fourth Air Group had reconnaissance duties.[2]
The staff were merged with the staff of the Western Air Defence District (Flybo V) on 1 October 1957, and was placed in Gothenburg. This air group was meant to have attack duties.[2] Its command center Björn, was located south of Skara.[3] In 1966, the First Air Group became the only air group in the Swedish Air Force, when the three others were decommissioned. The commander of the First Air Group was subordinate to the Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces according to instruction by the King in Council. Issues concerning unit training and production, the commander of the First Air Group was subordinate to the Chief of the Air Force.[1] The First Air Group was then renamed Attackeskadern ("Attack Group") and was led by a joint staff based in Gothenburg until it was decommissioned in 1995. The decommissioning decision came in conjunction with the Defence Act of 1992, in which it was decided that three geographic air commands were to be established on 1 July 1993 and subsequently retrieved the duties from the First Air Group.[4] At the decommissioning, the traditions and history of the First Air Group were transferred to the Chief of Air Force Staff, which on 30 June 1998 handed them over to the Air Force Center.
Organisation
1938–1940
| Wings | Type | Main aircraft | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| F 1 Hässlö | Medium bomber | B 3 Junkers | |
| F 3 Malmslätt | Reconnaissance | S 6 Fokker | |
| F 4 Frösön | Light bomber / Dive bomber | B 4 Hawker Hart | |
| F 8 Barkarby | Fighter | J 8 Gloster Gladiator |
1942–1948
| Wings | Type | Main aircraft | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| F 1 Hässlö | Bomber | B 18 | |
| F 4 Frösön | Light bomber | B 17 | |
| F 12 Kalmar | Light bomber | B 17 | |
| F 15 Söderhamn | Day-time fighter | J 21 |
1948–1957
| Wings | Type | Main aircraft | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| F 6 Karlsborg | Attack | A 21A-3 | |
| F 7 Såtenäs | Attack | J 21R / B 18B | |
| F 14 Halmstad | Attack | B 18B | |
| F 17 Kallinge | Attack | T 18B |
1957–1966
| Wings | Type | Main aircraft | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| F 6 Karlsborg | Attack | A 32A Lansen | |
| F 7 Såtenäs | Attack | A 32A Lansen | |
| F 14 Halmstad | Attack | A 32A Lansen | Removed in 1961, and replaced by F 15 |
| F 15 Söderhamn | Attack | A 32A Lansen | Added in 1961, and replaced F 14 |
| F 17 Kallinge | Attack | A 32A Lansen |
1966–1995
| Wings | Type | Main aircraft | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| F 6 Karlsborg | Attack | A 32A Lansen. AJ 37 Viggen from 1977 | |
| F 7 Såtenäs | Attack | A 32A Lansen. AJ 37 Viggen from 1973 | |
| F 15 Söderhamn | Attack | A 32A Lansen. AJ 37 Viggen from 1974 | |
| F 17 Kallinge | Attack | A 32A Lansen until 1975 | Removed from E 1 after rearmament to fighter wing |
Commanding officers
Between 1938 and 1941 and 1994 to 1995 the commander had the rank of colonel. Between 1941 and 1994, the commander had the rank of major general.
Commanders
- 1938-01-07 – 1942-06-30: Bengt Nordenskiöld
- 1942-07-01 – 1952-03-31: Paulus af Uhr
- 1952-04-01 – 1964-03-31: Björn Bjuggren
- 1964-04-01 – 1966-09-30: Stig Norén
- 1966-10-01 – 1973-03-31: Gösta Odqvist
- 1973-04-04 – 1977-06-30: Bengt Rosenius
- 1977-07-01 – 1980-09-30: Sven-Olof Olson
- 1980-10-01 – 1983-09-30: Erik Nygren
- 1983-10-01 – 1990-09-30: Bertil Nordström
- 1990-10-01 – 1994-10-01: Bert Stenfeldt
- 1994-10-01 – 1995-06-30: Christer Salsing (acting)
Deputy commanders
After the airbase areas were decommissioned on 30 September 1957, a deputy commander position was added. The deputy commander had the rank of colonel. When all the air groups (except the First Air Group) were decommissioned in 1966, the deputy commander position disappeared.
- 1957–1964: Gösta Sandberg (acting)
- 1964–1966: Karl-Erik Karlsson
Names, designations and locations
| Name | Translation | From | To | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flygeskadern | Air Group | 1938 | – | 1942 |
| Första flygeskadern | First Air Group | 1942 | – | 1966 |
| Attackeskadern | Attack Group | 1966 | – | 1995-06-30 |
| Designation | From | To | ||
| E 1 | 1938 | – | 1995-06-30 | |
| Location | From | To | ||
| Karlsborg | 1938 | – | 1942 | |
| Stockholm | 1942 | – | 1957 | |
| Gothenburg | 1957-10-01 | – | 1995-06-30 |
References
Notes
- "Första flygeskadern dirigent med "ÖB:s klubba"" (PDF). Flygvapennytt (in Swedish). Stockholm: Flygstaben (4): 32–33. 1972. SELIBR 8257600.
- "Förteckning > Flygeskadern / 1. flygeskadern" [List > Air Group / 1st Air Group] (in Swedish). National Archives of Sweden. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
- Jansson, Mattias (2015-05-20). "Hemlig militärbas utanför Skara". Nyheter Väst (in Swedish). Sveriges Television. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
- Regeringens proposition 1991/92:102 om totalförsvarets utveckling till och med budgetåret 1996/97 samt anslag för budgetåret 1992/93. Regeringens proposition, 8216139 ; 1991/92:102 (in Swedish). Stockholm: Riksdagstryckeriet. 1992. SELIBR 10148318. Retrieved 29 September 2010.
- Stenfeldt, Bert (1992). "Historik" [History] (PDF). Flygvapennytt (in Swedish). Stockholm: Flygstaben (3): 31. ISSN 0015-4792. SELIBR 8257600.
- Andersson, Lennart (2010). ÖB:s klubba: flygvapnets attackeskader under kalla kriget (PDF). Publikation / Försvaret och det kalla kriget (FOKK), 1652-5388 ; 24 (in Swedish). Stockholm: Svenskt militärhistoriskt bibliotek. p. 208. ISBN 978-91-85789-74-0. SELIBR 11958220.
Further reading
- Andersson, Lennart (2010). ÖB:s klubba: flygvapnets attackeskader under kalla kriget (PDF). Publikation / Försvaret och det kalla kriget (FOKK), 1652-5388 ; 24 (in Swedish). Stockholm: Svenskt militärhistoriskt bibliotek. ISBN 978-91-85789-74-0. SELIBR 11958220.
External links
- E 1's Friendship Association (in Swedish)