Ferula assa-foetida

Ferula assa-foetida is a species of Ferula endemic to Southern Iran.[1] It is a source of asafoetida, but not the main source, although many sources claim so. The production of asafoetida from this species is confined to Southern Iran, especially the area near Lar.[2][3][4]

Not to be confused with assa-foetida or Ferula foetida.

Ferula assa-foetida
The first botanical illustration of
Ferula assa-foetida (1712)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Apiales
Family: Apiaceae
Genus: Ferula
Species:
F. assa-foetida
Binomial name
Ferula assa-foetida
Synonyms[1]
  • Ferula foetida St.-Lag.
  • Narthex polakii Stapf
  • Narthex silphium Oerst.
  • Peucedanum assa-foetida (L.) Baill.
  • Peucedanum hooshee (Lindl. ex Descourt.) Baill.
  • Scorodosma assa-foetida (L.) H.Karst.

Outside its native range, other asafoetida-producing species are often misidentified as F. assa-foetida.[5] For example, F. foetida is mistaken for F. assa-foetida in Flora of the U.S.S.R. and Flora of Pakistan.[6][7] In a molecular phylogenetic study, all the plant samples of F. assa-foetida collected in Central Iran were not the true species, but F. alliacea and F. gabrielii or their close relatives instead.[8] Chemical analyses of asafoetida samples obtained from local markets in Eastern Iran also showed that asafoetida-producing species there were F. lutensis, F. foetida, F. alliacea, etc., instead of F. assa-foetida.[2][3]

F. pseudalliacea and F. rubricaulis are endemic to western and southwestern Iran and are sometimes considered conspecific with F. assa-foetida.[5]

References
  1. "Ferula assa-foetida L." Plants of the World Online. Kew Science. Retrieved 2021-05-20.
  2. Farhadi, Faegheh; Asili, Javad; Iranshahy, Milad; Iranshahi, Mehrdad (November 2019). "NMR-based metabolomic study of asafoetida". Fitoterapia. 139: 104361. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104361. PMID 31629871. S2CID 204814018.
  3. Farhadi, Faegheh; Iranshahi, Mehrdad; Taghizadeh, Seyedeh Faezeh; Asili, Javad (November 2020). "Volatile sulfur compounds: The possible metabolite pattern to identify the sources and types of asafoetida by headspace GC/MS analysis". Industrial Crops and Products. 155: 112827. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112827. S2CID 224886254.
  4. Barzegar, Alireza; Salim, Mohammad Amin; Badr, Parmis; Khosravi, Ahmadreza; Hemmati, Shiva; Seradj, Hassan; Iranshahi, Mehrdad; Mohagheghzadeh, Abdolali (April 2020). "Persian Asafoetida vs. Sagapenum: Challenges and Opportunities". Research Journal of Pharmacognosy. 7 (2). doi:10.22127/rjp.2019.196452.1516.
  5. Chamberlain, David F (1977). "The identity of Ferula assa-foetida L." Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. 35 (2): 229–233.
  6. Shishkin, B. K. (1974) [1951]. Flora of the U.S.S.R. Vol. 17. Translated by Lavoott, R. Edited by Lorch, J. Jerusalem: Israel Program for Scientific Translations. p. 52. ISBN 0-7065-1299-5.
  7. "Ferula assa-foetida L." Flora of Pakistan. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 2021-05-20.
  8. Panahi, Mehrnoush; Banasiak, łukasz; Piwczyński, Marcin; Puchałka, Radosław; Kanani, Mohammad Reza; Oskolski, Alexei A; Modnicki, Daniel; Miłobędzka, Aleksandra; Spalik, Krzysztof (28 September 2018). "Taxonomy of the traditional medicinal plant genus Ferula (Apiaceae) is confounded by incongruence between nuclear rDNA and plastid DNA". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 188 (2): 173–189. doi:10.1093/botlinnean/boy055.
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