Fernando Iglesias Calderón

Fernando Iglesias Calderón (30 May 1856 – 26 May 1942) was a Mexican liberal politician and diplomat who served as president of the extinct Liberal Party (1912–1915), represented Mexico City in the Senate (1912–1913 and 1920–1924)[1] and, for three months, served as ambassador of Mexico to the United States (1920).[2][5]

Fernando Iglesias Calderón
Iglesias in Washington, D.C., on 30 June 1920.
Senator of Mexico
In office
1920–1924[1]
In office
1912–1913[1]
Ambassador of Mexico to the United States
In office
19 July 1920 – 31 October 1920[2]
Preceded byIgnacio Bonillas[2]
Succeeded byEliseo Arredondo[2]
Personal details
Born(1856-05-30)30 May 1856
Mexico City[1]
Died26 May 1942(1942-05-26) (aged 85)
Tacubaya, Mexico City[3]
Political partyLiberal Party[1]
Parent(s)José María Iglesias and Juana Calderón Tapia[1]
Alma materNational School of Jurisprudence[4]
In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Iglesias and the second or maternal family name is Calderón.

Beside his political and diplomatic careers, he was also a writer and historian who inherited the military archive of Mariano Escobedo[6] and authored several titles in a collection called Rectificaciones históricas (Historical Rectifications).[3][4]

Biography

Iglesias was born in Mexico City on 30 May 1856. His father, José María Iglesias, served as interim president of Mexico during the autumn of 1876. His mother, Juana Calderón Tapia, was a daughter of José María Calderón, who served several times as governor of Puebla.[7]

Iglesias attended both the National Preparatory School (1869–1874) and the National School of Jurisprudence (1874–1876).[4] He began his professional career as a teacher of his preparatory school, but soon started a career in politics opposing dictator Porfirio Díaz, who had forced his father out of the presidency.[8]

In 1910, he competed against Francisco I. Madero for the joint presidential candidacy of the Anti-Reelectionist Party and the National Democratic Party, but ended up in third place.[9][10] Once Madero assumed the presidency, he invited Iglesias to the cabinet as secretary of Foreign Affairs, but he declined.[3][11] A year later, he was elected president of the Liberal Party and represented Mexico City in the senate from 1912 to 1913.

After the 1913 coup d'état, Iglesias opposed General Victoriano Huerta and was imprisoned in San Juan de Ulúa.[3] When Venustiano Carranza defeated Huerta, Iglesias received a second invitation to the cabinet as secretary of Foreign Affairs, but he declined it once again and would reject it once more during the administration of President Adolfo de la Huerta.[3] He did, however, accept the post of High Commissioner of Mexico (with the rank of ambassador) in Washington, D.C., which he briefly held from July 19 to October 31, 1920.[2]

Back in Mexico, Iglesias supported President Álvaro Obregón and was elected to the Senate for a second term (1920–1924). Two years after the end of his term, he was appointed Mexican arbiter on the Mexican-German Claims Commission (1926–1931).[4]

Iglesias died unmarried in Tacubaya, Mexico City, on 26 May 1942 at the age of 85.[3] He was distinguished as Commander of the Order of Merit by the government of Chile.[4]

Works
  • Un libro del ministro de Guerra, el general Bernardo Reyes: Errores múltiples y omisiones extrañas (1901)[4]
  • La traición de Maximiliano y la capilla propiciatoria (1902)[6]
  • El egoísmo norteamericano durante la Intervención Francesa (1905)[4]
  • Tras campañas nacionales y una crítica falaz (1906)[4]
  • Las supuestas traiciones de Juárez (1907)[4]

Notes and references
  1. "Fernando Iglesias Calderón". Censo-Guía de Archivos de España e Iberoamérica (in Spanish). Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
  2. "Embajadores de México en Estados Unidos" (in Spanish). Mexico City, Mexico: Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores. 27 September 2013. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
  3. Garciadiego, Javier (2005). La revolución mexicana: crónicas, documentos, planes y testimonios (in Spanish). Mexico City, Mexico: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. p. 85. ISBN 978-970-32-0685-8. OCLC 464368068. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
  4. Martin, Percy Alvin; da Silveira Soares Cardoso, Manoel (1935). Who's Who in Latin America: A Biographical Dictionary of the Outstanding Living Men and Women of Spanish America and Brazil. Palo Alto, California, USA: Stanford University Press. p. 195. ISBN 978-0-8047-2315-2. OCLC 459630832. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
  5. "Diplomatic Representation for Mexico (United Mexican States)". United States Department of State. 11 January 2013. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
  6. Iglesias Calderón, Fernando. La traición de Maximiliano y la capilla propiciatoria (PDF) (in Spanish). Mexico City, Mexico: Tip. Literaria de Filomeno Mata. Retrieved 8 October 2014.
  7. Sanchiz Ruiz, Javier. "Árbol genealógico de Javier Sanchiz Ruiz" (in Spanish). Retrieved 3 May 2009.
  8. Ceballos, Ciro B. (2006). Panorama mexicano 1890-1910: (Memorias) (in Spanish). Mexico City, Mexico: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. pp. 176–177. ISBN 978-970-32-2108-0. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
  9. Estrada, Roque (1912). La revolución y Francisco I. Madero (in Spanish). Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico: Imprenta Americana. pp. 199–202. ISBN 978-5-88302-398-8. OCLC 1315407. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
  10. Hale, Charles A. (4 September 2012). Emilio Rabasa y la supervivencia del liberalismo porfiriano: El hombre, su carrera y sus ideas 1856-1930 (in Spanish). Mexico City, Mexico: Fondo de Cultura Economica. pp. 119–120. ISBN 978-607-16-1119-2. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
  11. Katz, Friedrich (1998). The Life and Times of Pancho Villa. Palo Alto, California, USA: Stanford University Press. pp. 373–374. ISBN 978-0-8047-3046-4. OCLC 162431539. Retrieved 7 October 2014.

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