Family nurse practitioner

A family nurse practitioner (FNP) provides continuing and comprehensive healthcare for the individual and family across all ages, genders, diseases, and body systems. Primary care emphasizes the holistic nature of health and it is based on knowledge of the patient in the context of the family and the community, emphasizing disease prevention and health promotion.[1]

Family Nurse Practitioner
Family Nurse Practitioner Lt. Cmdr. Michael Service cares for a young girl at the U.S. Naval Hospital (USNH) Yokosuka.
Occupation
Occupation type
Profession
Activity sectors
Advanced Practice Registered Nurse, Family Medicine
Description
Education required
Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) or Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP)
Related jobs
nurse midwife, nurse anesthetist, clinical nurse specialist

This history of this role began in the 1960s when health care planners and legislators determined that primary health care was not meeting the immediate demands of the United States' citizens. Medical schools were given money to start family practice programs to meet this need, and the practice movement began to grow.[2]

Education and board certification

Following educational preparation at the master's or doctoral level, FNPs must become board certified by an approved certification body. Board certification must be maintained by obtaining continuing nursing education credits. In the US, board certification is provided either through the American Nurses Credentialing Center (awards the FNP-BC credential) or through the American Association of Nurse Practitioners certification program (awards the NP-C credential).[3]

Becoming a family nurse practitioner

Before becoming a family nurse practitioner, a person must graduate from a four-year college or university nursing program that is accredited by American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) or the National League for Nursing (NLN). This would result in a Bachelor of Science in nursing from the college or university. Next, a person would need to pass the RN licensing exam, which is the NCLEX (National Council Licensure Examination). After passing this exam, the person is a Registered Nurse and is able to enter the work force. Most nurses work for a few years in the field before pursuing further education.[4]

After completion of this prior work, a person can apply to and obtain a Master's or Doctoral degree from a family nurse practitioner program. The program should be accredited by the Commission of Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) or the Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN).[4]

A family nurse practitioner may also select a sub-specialty. The following are some possibilities: Cardiac, Endocrine/Diabetes, Renal/Urological, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation, Pulmonary, and ER/Trauma.[5]

Scope of practice

FNPs deliver a range of acute, chronic and preventive healthcare services. In addition to diagnosing and treating illness, they also provide preventive care, including routine checkups, health-risk assessments, immunization and screening tests, and personalized counseling on maintaining a healthy lifestyle. FNPs also manage chronic illness, often coordinating care provided by specialty physicians.

See also

References
  1. Friedman, Marilyn M. (2003). Family nursing: Research, theory, and practice. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. p. 42. ISBN 0-13-060824-6.
  2. "Nurse Practitioner Primary Care Competencies in Specialty Areas" (PDF). US Department of Health and Human Services. April 2002. Retrieved 12 January 2014.
  3. "NP Certifying Bodies". National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties. Archived from the original on 28 June 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2014.
  4. "Family Nurse Practitioner Career Guide". nurse.org. Retrieved April 4, 2019.
  5. "Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP)". GraduateNursingEDU.org. Retrieved 4 April 2019.
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