Erol Dora

Erol Dora (born 2 February 1964, in Hassana near Silopi) is a lawyer and a politician of the Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP). A member of the Assyrian people community in Turkey,[1] he is a well-known advocate for minority rights, Assyrian particularly the human rights situation of Turkey's Christian minorities.

Erol Dora
Member of the Turkish Grand National Assembly
for Mardin
Assumed office
2012
Personal details
Born (1964-02-02) 2 February 1964
Hassana near Silopi, Turkey
Citizenship Turkey
Political partyPeople's Democratic Party (HDP)
Childrenthree
Alma materAnkara University
ProfessionLawyer

In the 2011 general election Dora became the first ethnic Assyrian member of the Turkish Parliament, and the first Christian MP since 1960. Since 2014 a member of the HDP, he was re-elected in the consecutive June and November 2015 elections.

Early life and education

Dora was born 1964 to Enver and Kespu Dora,[2] a Syriac Orthodox family in the small, all-Christian[3] village of Hesena in the Şırnak Province. In the 1980s and 1990s, almost all of them however fled to Istanbul or Western Europe, after the Turkish military forcibly "evacuated" and effectively depopulated thousands of villages. Hassana, where Dora spent his early childhood, was one of these villages abandoned in the 1990s.[4]

Aged nine, Dora moved to Istanbul,[3] where he attended the Armenian boarding school and orphanage Kamp Armen.[5] Following his studies of law at Ankara University, he was drafted to attend his military service in Malatya, but was released early after paying the Bedelli askerlik.

Professional and political career

Following his studies, Dora returned to Istanbul practising as a lawyer, often defending Christians in trials.[6] In 2004, he became a founding member[7] and vice president[8] of the first civic association of Assyrians/Syriacs since the 1980 military coup, the Mesopotamia Culture and Solidarity Association (Mezopotamya Kültür ve Dayanışma Derneği, or MEZODER).[9]

In the 2011 general election, Dora became an independent candidate for the Labour, Democracy and Freedom Bloc. He was elected in the Mardin constituency to become the first Assyrian member of the Grand National Assembly ever, and the first Christian MP since 1960. Though affiliated with the pro-minority Peace and Democracy Party (BDP), he told the Vatican Insider that he joined Parliament "as a free man" and wouldn't answer to any party.[10] In late 2013, Dora however became one of the forerunner MPs to support the formation of the new Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP),[11] which he later joined.

He was reelected in the consecutive Parliamentary Elections of June[12] and November 2015[13] as a Member of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey representing Mardin for the HDP. In November 2015, Dora and Mithat Sancar joined fellow MPs Gülser Yıldırım and Ali Atalan in their hunger strike to protest the ongoing state of exception curfew in the border town of Nusaybin, where since November 13[14] and under the pretext of operating against militant YDG-H members, 70% of the neighborhoods have been cut from electricity, 30% from water supply.[15] On the 17 March 2021, the Turkish state prosecutor before the Court of Cassation Bekir Şahin filed a lawsuit before the Constitutional Court demanding for Dora and 686 other HDP politicians a five-year ban for political activities.[16] The lawsuit was filed jointly with the request for a closure of the HDP.[16]

Positions

State expropriation of Christian minorities

In the long-standing dispute on the Turkish state's confiscation of Assyrian property, Dora, along with various Assyrian diaspora organizations, demands a reversal of the expropriations and a return to the status quo ante. In June 2014, Dora sponsored a parliamentary motion demanding a parliamentary inquiry into the issue, which is also controversial within the Kurdish communities.[17]

Stating that there was still "no rule of law in the region, only the rule of force,"[17] he proposed a scholarly commission to settle the land-claims of Syriac and Yezidi minorities. Most of them had emigrated when during the late 1980s "low-density war" thousands of Kurdish and Assyrian villages were forcibly "evacuated" and effectively depopulated, leaving the villagers as refugees in their own land.[18]

Current situation of Christian minorities

During the PKK's unilateral cease-fire, Dora appreciated what in 2003 he called an "atmosphere of peace" that had played a significant role in encouraging Assyrians to consider a return to their Southern Anatolian homeland.[19] In 2011, Dora still said: "Europe has the impression that Turkey is moving towards Islam and that it is a country that is becoming less secular. But as far as I am concerned, there isn't much of a difference between the past and the present, the situation is more or less the same and one of the things that has changed for the better is in fact the situation for Christians."[10]

In the issue of history school books denigrating Armenians and Aramaic Christians, Dora however acknowledged that hostile phrasings appeared there only relatively recently.[20] The textbooks were found to distort historical information portraiting the Christian minorities as traitors, supposedly to help justify the genocides against Christians in the outgoing Ottoman Empire.[21] To discuss the issue originally raised by fourteen Syriac civil and religious organizations,[22] Dora met education minister Ömer Dinçer on 15 December 2011[23] and raised the issue in parliament.[22] Eventually the ministry promised the revision of a particularly problematic textbook,[24] which however turned into the opposite, as the revised version of the textbook doesn't only portray Assyrians as traitors in the past, but now also claims that even today's Assyrians continued their betrayal of Turkey.[25]

Lately, Dora supported the – ultimately successful – months of protest against destruction of the historic Armenian community property Kamp Armen in Istanbul, where he himself was once raised and educated. Visiting the site in May 2015, he stated that "Kamp Armen will be a significant symbol that provides an answer to that question."[26]

Regarding the mass exodus of Christians from Iraq, Dora asked the United Nations and the USA to "intervene to defend them but without creating a civil conflict."[10]

References
  1. Kálnoky, Boris (9 June 2011). "Erol Dora: Christ könnte ins türkische Parlament einziehen". Die Welt.
  2. "CV of Erol Dora". Grand National Assembly of Turkey. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  3. Thomas Seibert (15 June 2011). "Source of Hope for the Christian Minority". Qantara.de. Archived from the original on 22 November 2015. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  4. Thomas Seibert (10 June 2011). "Hope is high for man who may become Turkey's first Christian MP for 50 year". The National. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  5. "Historic camp for Armenian orphans to be destroyed for luxury homes". Today's Zaman. 28 April 2015. Archived from the original on 21 November 2015. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  6. "A Christian lawyer elected to Parliament: new hope for the country". Agenzia Fides. 14 June 2011. Retrieved 21 November 2015 – via News.va.
  7. "Türkiye'nin ilk Süryani Milletvekili" [Turkey's first Süryani Deputy] (in Turkish). 12 June 2011. Archived from the original on 22 November 2015. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  8. Şeyhmus Diken (April 2005). Türkiye'de Sivil Hayat [Civil Society in Turkey] (PDF) (in Turkish). Sivil Toplum Geliştirme Programı. p. 159 ff.
  9. Naures Atto (2011). Hostages in the Homeland, Orphans in the Diaspora (PDF). Leiden University Press. p. 130. ISBN 978-90-8728-148-9.
  10. Allessandro Speciale (1 August 2011). ""The situation for Christians in Turkey has improved"". Vatican Insider. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  11. Göksel Bozkurt (11 October 2013). "BDP eyes forming alliance with main opposition CHP in Turkish local elections". Hürriyet Daily News. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  12. "DARGEÇİT Seçim Sonuçları". secim.haberler.com. Retrieved 2021-03-26.
  13. "1 Kasım Mardin seçim sonuçları son dakika". www.sozcu.com.tr (in Turkish). Retrieved 2021-03-26.
  14. "2 HDP deputies go on hunger strike to end days-long Nusaybin curfew". Today's Zaman. 19 November 2015. Archived from the original on 20 November 2015. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  15. Rifat Başaran (21 November 2015). "Four HDP MPs start curfew hunger strike against Nusaybin curfew". Hürriyet Daily News. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  16. "HDP indictment seeks political ban for 687 members, including Demirtaş, Buldan and Sancar". Bianet. Retrieved 2021-03-19.
  17. Susanne Güsten (June 2015). The Syriac Property Issue in Tur Abdin (PDF). Istanbul & Essen: Sabancı University; Stiftung Mercator Initiative. pp. 7, 11. ISBN 978-605-4348-97-8.
  18. Ali Bariş Kurt (1 July 2014). "Dora: HDP Considering Commission On Syriac And Yezidi Issues". Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  19. Amberin Zaman (10 August 2003). "Christians Return to Native Turkey". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  20. Vercihan Ziflioğlu (16 December 2011). "History books to exclude discrimination". Hürriyet Daily News. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  21. Soner Önder (2012). "Minority Rights in Turkey: Quo Vadis, Assyrians?". In P.H. Omtzigt; Markus K. Tozman; Andrea Tyndall (eds.). The Slow Disappearance of the Syriacs from Turkey and of the Grounds of the Mor Gabriel Monastery. Münster: LIT. pp. 99–120, here: 104. ISBN 978-3-643-90268-9.
  22. Timotheos Samuel Aktaş (24 February 2012). "Report about the Current Situation in Turabdin" (PDF). Retrieved 21 November 2015. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  23. Abdulmesih BarAbraham (7 January 2012). "Conference in Munich Highlighted Assyrian Human Rights Issues". AINA. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  24. Vercihan Ziflioğlu (1 August 2012). "Racist terms set to be excluded from books". Hürriyet Daily News. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  25. "Negative Portrayal of Assyrians Remains in Turkish School Book Despite Promises of Removal". AINA. 24 October 2012. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  26. Fatih Gökhan Diler (18 May 2015). "HDP MP Erol Dora returns to Kamp Armen in meaningful visit". Agos. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
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