Endonuclease V
Endonuclease V (endoV) is a highly conserved endonuclease enzyme family. The primary function of endoV differs significantly in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, as suggested by studies on the E. coli and human orthologs.
| Endonuclease V | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Crystallographic structure of Thermotoga maritima endoV (blue) in complex with DNA (green and orange). The deamidated base is shown in yellow.[1] | |||||||||
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | ENDOV | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF04493 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR007581 | ||||||||
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In prokaryotes endoV is primarily a deoxyribonuclease involved in DNA repair of deoxyinosine introduced into the genome by deamidation of adenine bases (EC 3.1.21.7).[2] However, it has broad substrate specificity and can also act on other types of DNA lesions[2] as well as on inosine-containing RNA.[3]
In eukaryotes endoV is primarily a ribonuclease and cleaves single-stranded RNA at the 3' position relative to an inosine base, which may be present due to RNA editing by deaminase enzymes (EC 3.1.26.-).[4] The human endoV localizes to the cytoplasm and nucleoli, suggesting a possible role in processes involving ribosomal RNA.[3] The human gene symbol is ENDOV.
References
- Dalhus B, Arvai AS, Rosnes I, Olsen ØE, Backe PH, Alseth I, Gao H, Cao W, Tainer JA, Bjørås M (February 2009). "Structures of endonuclease V with DNA reveal initiation of deaminated adenine repair". Nature Structural & Molecular Biology. 16 (2): 138–43. doi:10.1038/nsmb.1538. PMC 3560532. PMID 19136958.
- Vik ES, Nawaz MS, Strøm Andersen P, Fladeby C, Bjørås M, Dalhus B, Alseth I (2013). "Endonuclease V cleaves at inosines in RNA". Nature Communications. 4: 2271. Bibcode:2013NatCo...4.2271S. doi:10.1038/ncomms3271. PMC 3741635. PMID 23912683.
- Fladeby C, Vik ES, Laerdahl JK, Gran Neurauter C, Heggelund JE, Thorgaard E, Strøm-Andersen P, Bjørås M, Dalhus B, Alseth I (2012). "The human homolog of Escherichia coli endonuclease V is a nucleolar protein with affinity for branched DNA structures". PLOS ONE. 7 (11): e47466. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...747466F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0047466. PMC 3489907. PMID 23139746.
- Morita Y, Shibutani T, Nakanishi N, Nishikura K, Iwai S, Kuraoka I (2013). "Human endonuclease V is a ribonuclease specific for inosine-containing RNA". Nature Communications. 4: 2273. Bibcode:2013NatCo...4.2273M. doi:10.1038/ncomms3273. PMC 3741642. PMID 23912718.