Elizabeth Marshall (pharmacist)

Elizabeth Marshall (January 28, 1768 – July 26, 1836) was an American entrepreneur who became the second female pharmacist in the United States.[1][2]

This article is about the pharmacist. For the cook, see Elizabeth Marshall (cook). For the Canadian politician, see Elizabeth Marshall.
Elizabeth Marshall
Born(1768-01-28)January 28, 1768
Philadelphia
DiedJuly 26, 1836(1836-07-26) (aged 68)
NationalityAmerican
Occupation(s)Pharmacist, entrepreneur

Early life

Marshall was born at 56 Chestnut Street (old number) on January 28, 1768.[3]

Family

Marshall was the eldest daughter of Charles Marshall (1744–1825), the proprietor of a pharmacy in Philadelphia and the first president of Philadelphia College of Apothecaries.[4] She had two brothers and seven sisters.[5] Her mother, Patience (Parrish) Marshall, changed her name to "Patience" from "Ann" after her aunt Patience Howell.[5] Patience Marshall died in February 1834.[5] Her grandmother was Sarah Thomson.[5] Her grandfather was Christopher Marshall (d. 1797),[3] an American revolutionary and founder of the family's pharmacy which was named Marshall Drug Store.[4] Her grandfather thought highly of her, as shown in unpublished diary entries preserved in the Historical Society of Pennsylvania.[3]

Career

Marshall worked as an apprentice in the family pharmacy from 1805.[1] She inherited her grandfather's pharmacy, Marshall Drug Store, in 1804[6] and managed the business until 1825.[4] Marshall is regarded by some as being the first female pharmacist in the United States,[4] though Elizabeth Gooking Greenleaf was the first in 1727.[7] Marshall ran the pharmacy for two decades. She was able to bring the shop out of bankruptcy and her efforts resulted in the pharmacy's financial success during that period.[1][2] Marshall retired shortly after the death of her father in 1825 and passed her business on to her apprentices, Charles Ellis and Isaac P. Morris.[5][3][4]

The family's pharmacy is the subject of the painting The Marshall Apothecary by Robert Thom.[6] The painting can be found in the series "Great Moments in Pharmacy."[2]

Death and commemoration

Marshall died on July 26, 1836.[3] She was pictured on the wall of the American Pharmacists Association 2012 Women in Pharmacy Exhibit.[8]

References
  1. "Celebrating Women in Pharmacy: Elizabeth Marshall (1768–1826)". The UC School of Pharmacy Blog. WordPress. 20 March 2016. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  2. "Women in Pharmacy" (PDF). APhA. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  3. Wilbert, MI (1904). Elizabeth Marshall, the First Woman Pharmacist in America. American Journal of Pharmacy. pp. 271–276.
  4. Beringer, GM, ed. (1921). A record of the progress of pharmacy and the allied sciences. American Journal of Pharmacy. pp. 87–89.
  5. Jordan, JW (1911). Colonial families of Philadelphia, Volume 1. Lewis Pub. Co. pp. 1027–1030. ISBN 5880233553.
  6. "Chemical Drugs – Discovering Lewis & Clark". lewis-clark.org. Discovering Lewis & Clark. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  7. Henderson, Metta Lou; Worthen, Dennis B. (March 8, 2002). American Women Pharmacists: Contributions to the Profession. CRC Press. p. 2. ISBN 9780789010926. Retrieved October 31, 2016.
  8. "Programs". APhA Foundation. American Pharmacists Association. 25 July 2013. Retrieved 5 December 2017.
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