Jules Armand Dufaure

Jules Armand Stanislas Dufaure (French pronunciation: [ʒyl aʁmɑ̃ dyfoʁ]; 4 December 1798 – 28 June 1881) was a French statesman who served 3 non-consecutive terms as Prime Minister of France.

Jules Dufaure
Dufaure by Antoine Samuel Adam-Salomon, circa 1870s
Prime Minister of France
In office
13 December 1877 – 4 February 1879
PresidentPatrice de Mac-Mahon
Himself (acting)
Jules Grevy
Preceded byGaëtan de Rochebouët
Succeeded byWilliam Waddington
In office
23 February 1876 – 12 December 1876
PresidentPatrice de Mac-Mahon
Preceded byLouis Buffet
Succeeded byJules Simon
In office
19 February 1871 – 24 May 1873
PresidentAdolphe Thiers
Preceded byLouis Jules Trochu
Succeeded byAlbert, duc de Broglie
Acting President of France
In office
30 January 1879
Prime MinisterHimself
Preceded byPatrice de Mac-Mahon
Succeeded byJules Grevy
Personal details
Born4 December 1798
Saujon
Died28 June 1881(1881-06-28) (aged 82)
Rueil-Malmaison
Political partyModerate Republicans
Signature

Biography

Dufaure was born at Saujon, Charente-Maritime, and began his career as an advocate at Bordeaux, where he won a great reputation by his oratorical gifts. He abandoned law for politics and, in 1834, was elected deputy. In 1839, he became minister of public works in the ministry of Jean-de-Dieu Soult, and succeeded in freeing railway construction in France from the obstacles which until then had hampered it.

Losing office in 1840, Dufaure became one of the leaders of the Opposition, and on the outbreak of the revolution of 1848, he accepted the Republic and joined the party of moderate republicans. On 13 October, he became minister of the interior under Louis-Eugène Cavaignac, but retired on the latter's defeat in the presidential election. During the Second French Empire, Dufaure abstained from public life, and practised at the Paris bar with such success that he was elected bâtonnier in 1862.

In 1863, he succeeded to Étienne-Denis Pasquier's seat in the Académie Française. In 1871, he became a member of the Assembly, and proposed Adolphe Thiers as President of the Republic. Dufaure became the minister of justice as chief of the party of the "left-centre," and his tenure of office was distinguished by the passage of the jury-law. In 1873, he fell with Thiers, but in 1875 resumed his former post under Louis Buffet, whom he succeeded on 9 March 1876, the first to become president of the council (his predecessors wore the title of vice-presidents of the council). In the same year, he was elected a life senator. On 12 December, he withdrew from the ministry owing to the attacks of the republicans of the left in the chamber and of the conservatives in the senate.

After the conservatives' defeat on 16 May, he returned to power on 24 December 1877. Early in 1879, Dufaure took part in compelling the resignation of Patrice MacMahon, duc de Magenta, but immediately afterwards (1 February), worn out by opposition, he retired. As Prime Minister, he served as the Acting President of the Republic on 30 January 1879.

See G Picot, M. Dufaure, sa vie et ses discours (Paris, 1883).

Dufaure's First Government, 19 February 1871 – 18 May 1873

Changes

  • 25 February 1871 – Augustin Pouyer-Quertier succeeds Buffet as Minister of Finance.
  • 5 June 1871 – Ernest Courtot de Cissey succeeds Le Flô as Minister of War. Félix Lambrecht succeeds Picard as Minister of the Interior. Victor Lefranc succeeds Lambrecht as Minister of Agriculture and Commerce.
  • 2 August 1871 – The Comte de Rémusat, succeeds Favre as Minister of Foreign Affairs
  • 11 October 1871 – Auguste Casimir-Perier succeeds Lambrecht as Minister of the Interior
  • 6 February 1872 – Victor Lefranc succeeds Casimir-Perier as Minister of the Interior. Eugène de Goulard succeeds Lefranc as Minister of Agriculture and Commerce.
  • 23 April 1872 – Eugène de Goulard succeeds Pouyer-Quertier as Minister of Finance. Pierre Teisserenc de Bort succeeds Goulard as Minister of Agriculture and Commerce.
  • 7 December 1872 – Eugène de Goulard succeeds Lefranc as Minister of the Interior. Léon Say succeeds Goulard as Minister of Finance. Oscar Bardi de Fourtou succeeds Larcy as Minister of Public Works.

Dufaure's Second Government, 18–25 May 1873

Dufaure's Third Government, 23 February – 9 March 1876
  • Jules Dufaure – President of the Council and Minister of the Interior and of Justice
  • Louis Decazes – Minister of Foreign Affairs
  • Ernest Courtot de Cissey – Minister of War
  • Eugène Caillaux – Minister of Finance and Public Works
  • Louis Raymond de Montaignac de Chauvannce – Minister of Marine and Colonies
  • Henri Wallon – Minister of Public Instruction, Fine Arts, and Worship
  • Vicomte de Meaux – Minister of Agriculture and Commerce

Dufaure's Fourth Government, 9 March – 12 December 1876
  • Jules Dufaure – President of the Council and Minister of Justice
  • Louis Decazes – Minister of Foreign Affairs
  • Ernest Courtot de Cissey – Minister of War
  • Amable Ricard – Minister of the Interior
  • Léon Say – Minister of Finance
  • Martin Fourichon – Minister of Marine
  • William Henry Waddington – Minister of Public Instruction
  • Albert Christophle – Minister of Public Works
  • Pierre Teisserenc de Bort – Minister of Agriculture and Commerce

Changes

Dufaure's Fifth Government, 13 December 1877 – 4 February 1879

Changes

References
  • This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Dufaure, Jules Armand Stanislas". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 643.
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