Drew, Mississippi

Drew is a city in Sunflower County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 1,927 at the 2010 census. Drew is in the vicinity of several plantations and the Mississippi State Penitentiary, a Mississippi Department of Corrections prison for men. It is noted for being the site of several racist murders, including the lynching of Emmett Till in 1955 and the lynching of Joe Pullen in 1923.

Drew, Mississippi
City
Location of Drew, Mississippi
Location of Drew, Mississippi
Drew, Mississippi is located in the United States
Drew, Mississippi
Drew, Mississippi
Location in the United States
Coordinates: 33°48′36″N 90°31′50″W
CountryUnited States
StateMississippi
CountySunflower
Government
 • MayorMelanie Ann Townsend
Area
[1]
 • Total1.12 sq mi (2.91 km2)
 • Land1.12 sq mi (2.91 km2)
 • Water0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2)
Elevation
135 ft (41 m)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total1,852
 • Density1,650.62/sq mi (637.33/km2)
Time zoneUTC-6 (Central (CST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC-5 (CDT)
ZIP codes
38737-38738
Area code662
FIPS code28-20020
GNIS feature ID0669383

History

When the Yellow Dog Railroad was extended through what is now Drew, the post office was moved from the Promised Land Plantation to the Drew location. The settlement and Post Office were named for Miss Drew Daniel, daughter of Andrew Jackson Daniel.[2]

A school called the Little Red Schoolhouse was built by matching funds from the Rosenwald Fund in 1928. In the 21st century it received a grant for renovation of the large school.[3]

In the 1920s, a man named Joe Pullen was lynched near Drew after killing at least 3 members and wounding other members of a posse seeking him after he shot and killed another man.[4]

One historian wrote that the white residents of Drew had "traditionally been regarded as the most recalcitrant in the county on racial matters."[5] The author wrote that whites in Drew were "considered the most recalcitrant of Sunflower County, and perhaps the state."[6]

He also claimed that Drew's proximity to the Mississippi State Penitentiary made Drew "a dangerous place to be black", and claimed that during the 1930s and 1940s many police officers arbitrarily shot blacks, saying that they appeared to look like escaped prisoners.[6] That historian also claimed that during the Civil Rights Movement, when attempts were made to move Fannie Lou Hamer's movement for poor people from Ruleville to Drew, the organizers "faced stiff resistance". Mae Bertha Carter, a major figure in the area civil rights movement, was from Drew.[5]

In August 1955, 14 year old Emmett Till was tortured and murdered in a barn near Drew. His killers then disposed of his body in the nearby Tallahatchie River. The racist lynching became nationally known for its brutality, and because of Till's mother's choice to have an open-casket funeral for her son. According to the FBI agent assigned to the case, the killers chose the barn in Drew because they thought it was a place where no one who would object to the murder would see or overhear the events. However, a young man from Drew named Willie Reed witnessed the murder and testified in court. The accused murderers were acquitted in court, but later confessed to the killing in a magazine interview. The site of the killing is located on private property.[7]

Joetha Collier, often misspelled by the media in the past as Jo Etha Collier, was one of many African-Americans to attend Drew High School starting in the fall of 1970, and was shot to death in 1971 at age 18.[8][9]

Some locals have raised money to purchase the barn where Till was murdered, for the purpose of building a memorial. As of 2021 this is unfinished.[7]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.1 square miles (2.8 km2), all land. Because of its small size, Billy Turner of The Times-Picayune said "[y]ou can travel all over town in a few minutes."[10] Drew is in the vicinity of several plantations and the Mississippi State Penitentiary (Parchman), a Mississippi Department of Corrections prison for men.[11]

Drew, in northern Sunflower County,[12] is located on U.S. Route 49W, on the route between Jackson and Clarksdale.[13] Drew is 8 miles (13 km) south of the Mississippi State Penitentiary,[14] and it is north of Ruleville.[5] Cleveland, Mississippi is 12 miles (19 km) from Drew. Drew is north of Yazoo City.[10]

Many houses in Drew are government-owned. Some houses sold for $6,000 to $8,000 in the year until 2008. Some Drew residents stated in 2008 that, if put on the market, some houses would sell for over $120,000.[10]

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1900195—
191027842.6%
1920721159.4%
19301,37390.4%
19401,57915.0%
19501,6816.5%
19602,14327.5%
19702,57420.1%
19802,528−1.8%
19902,349−7.1%
20002,4343.6%
20101,927−20.8%
20201,852−3.9%
U.S. Decennial Census[15]
Train depot in Drew, 1976
The Drew Town Square
Manning Boulevard, named after Archie Manning
Water tower in Drew

2020 census
Drew Racial Composition[16]
Race Num. Perc.
White 198 10.69%
Black or African American 1,573 84.94%
Native American 5 0.27%
Asian 3 0.16%
Other/Mixed 44 2.38%
Hispanic or Latino 29 1.57%

As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 1,852 people, 729 households, and 503 families residing in the city.

2010 census

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 1,927 people living in the city. The racial makeup of the city was 82.7% Black, 16.0% White, 0.2% Native American, 0.2% Asian and 0.2% from two or more races. 0.7% were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

2000 census

As of the census[17] of 2000, there were 2,434 people, 811 households, and 606 families living in the city. The population density was 2,172.6 inhabitants per square mile (838.8/km2). There were 922 housing units at an average density of 823.0 per square mile (317.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 25.27% White, 73.58% African American, 0.12% Native American, 0.16% Asian, 0.37% from other races, and 0.49% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.56% of the population.

There were 811 households, out of which 42.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.3% were married couples living together, 35.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.2% were non-families. 21.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.00 and the average family size was 3.51.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 36.6% under the age of 18, 10.1% from 18 to 24, 26.2% from 25 to 44, 16.2% from 45 to 64, and 10.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 27 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 71.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $19,167, and the median income for a family was $20,469. Males had a median income of $22,351 versus $18,693 for females. The per capita income for the city was $8,569. About 36.1% of families and 40.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 54.6% of those under age 18 and 23.0% of those age 65 or over.

Government and infrastructure

Drew includes some large brick buildings that serve as public housing.[10]

The United States Postal Service operates the Drew Post Office.[18]

Economy

At one time, Drew was the locality in the United States that had the most cotton gins. In 2008, it only had one cotton gin. Billy Turner of The Times-Picayune said "[t]here's some corn, some beans, but mostly, there's no business."[10] By 2012 the SuperValu grocery store had closed. Melanie Townsend, a woman quoted in a 2012 Bolivar Commercial article, said that since the grocery store closed, few employment opportunities were available in Drew and that the Drew School District was the largest employer in the area.[12]

Education

The City of Drew is served by the Sunflower County Consolidated School District. Elementary and middle school students attend schools in Drew: A. W. James Elementary School (K-5) and Drew Hunter Middle School (6-8).[19] High school students attend Ruleville Central High School in Ruleville.[20]

The North Sunflower Academy is in an unincorporated area of Sunflower County,[21] about 3 miles (4.8 km) south of Drew.[22] The school originated as a segregation academy,[23] Mississippi Delta Community College has the Drew Center in Drew.[24]

The Sunflower County Library operates the Drew Public Library.[25]

History of education

Previously it was served by the predominantly African-American Drew School District.[26][27] Prior to closure, the district's schools were Drew Hunter High School and A.W. James Elementary School.[28] Prior to the 2010–2011 school year the school district had three school buildings, including A.W. James Elementary School, Hunter Middle School, and Drew High School.[26] The Drew district was merged into Sunflower County schools in 2012.[20] That year Drew High School's high school division was closed. High school students began attending Ruleville Central High School.[20][29]

Prior to Federal Government Forced Integration, beginning with the 1970–1971 school year, the Drew school district had four school buildings: the predominantly and historically white Drew High School and A.W. James Elementary, and the newer African-American Hunter High School and the Lil’ Red Rosenwald School, which now houses a community center.[30]

The Mae Bertha Carter children were the first and only African-Americans to attend otherwise all-white schools in the county.[31] Joetha Collier, often misspelled by the media in the past as Jo Etha Collier, was one of many African-Americans to attend Drew High School starting in the fall of 1970, and was shot to death in 1971 at age 18.[8][9] As of July 1, 2012, the Drew School District was consolidated with the Sunflower County School District. Drew Hunter closed as of that date, with high school students rezoned to Ruleville Central High School.[20]

Transportation

Ruleville-Drew Airport is in unincorporated Sunflower County, between Drew and Ruleville.[32] The airport is jointly operated by the cities of Drew and Ruleville.[33]

Notable people

References
  • Moye, J. Todd (2004). Let the People Decide: Black Freedom and White Resistance Movements in Sunflower County, Mississippi, 1945–1986. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-5561-4.

Notes
  1. "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files" (TXT). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 24, 2022.
  2. Promised Land or Sandy Bayou, A compendium of early history of the town of Drew and its immediate vicinity, Written & Edited by Elizabeth A Wilson. Printed by Buford Brothers Printing, Inc. Copyright 1976. pg. 12
  3. ""Rosenwald" film details century-old partnership for rural black education". Southern Jewish Life Magazine. Retrieved February 1, 2019.
  4. Contemporaneous Pennsylvania news report on Joe Pullen, Google.com, Accessed June 23, 2023.
  5. Moye, p. 28.
  6. Moye, p. 128.
  7. Thompson, Wright (July 22, 2021). "His name was Emmett Till". The Atlantic. Retrieved July 24, 2021.
  8. Blain, Keisha N. (April 28, 2022). "They Called Her 'Black Jet'". The Atlantic.
  9. "3 Whites Held in Slaying of Mississippi Black Girl." United Press International at the Palm Beach Post. May 26, 1971. A1. Retrieved from Google Books (74 of 190) on March 1, 2011.
  10. Turner, Billy. "The hometown Archie once knew is no more." The Times-Picayune. Saturday January 26, 2009. Retrieved March 30, 2012.
  11. Wallace, Belinda Deneen. "The Intolerable Burden". The Journal of Negro Education (Winter (northern hemisphere) 2005 ed.). Archived from the original on June 29, 2007. Retrieved July 22, 2010.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  12. Wright, Chance. "Students protest merger." The Bolivar Commercial. April 8, 2012. Retrieved April 12, 2012.
  13. McGill, Ralph. "The Valid Voice." The Toledo Blade. Saturday June 15, 1963. Page 6. Retrieved from Google News (4 of 16) on March 4, 2011.
  14. Buntin, John. "Down on Parchman Farm." Governing Magazine. July 27, 2010. Retrieved August 13, 2010.
  15. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  16. "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved December 7, 2021.
  17. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  18. "Post Office Location - Drew Archived July 18, 2011, at the Wayback Machine." United States Postal Service. Retrieved February 27, 2011.
  19. "Handbook 2012-2013." (Archive) Sunflower County School District. Retrieved October 9, 2013.
  20. Amy, Jeff. "Mississippi to return Okolona schools to local control; district merger ends Drew High School." Associated Press at The Republic. May 17, 2012. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  21. "Home." North Sunflower Academy. Retrieved on August 10, 2010.
  22. "Driving directions Archived 2011-07-14 at the Wayback Machine." North Sunflower Academy. Retrieved on August 10, 2010.
  23. Moye, J. Todd. Let the People Decide: Black Freedom and White Resistance Movements in Sunflower County, Mississippi, 1945-1986. UNC Press Books, 2004. 243. Retrieved from Google Books on March 2, 2011. "Sunflower County's two other segregation academies— North Sunflower Academy, between Drew and Ruleville, and Central Delta Academy in Inverness— both sprouted in a similar fashion." ISBN 0-8078-5561-8, ISBN 978-0-8078-5561-4.
  24. "Off Campus Centers." Mississippi Delta Community College. Retrieved July 20, 2010.
  25. "Sunflower County Library Directory." Sunflower County Library. Retrieved July 21, 2010.
  26. "Drew School District Audited Financial Statements For the Year Ended June 30, 2005 Archived 2012-03-09 at the Wayback Machine." Office of the State Auditor, State of Mississippi. 12 (18/82). Retrieved on July 20, 2010.
  27. "Schools in Drew School District." Greatschools.net. Retrieved on July 20, 2010.
  28. "Schools Archived 2011-09-06 at the Wayback Machine." Drew School District. Retrieved on August 16, 2010.
  29. "Home." (Archive) Drew Hunter Middle School. Retrieved October 9, 2013. "After two successful academic years, the high school portion of the school merged with Ruleville Central High School and Drew High School became Drew Hunter Middle School."
  30. "A Rosenwald School Archived 2012-03-26 at the Wayback Machine." Little Red Schoolhouse (William Winter Institute for Racial Reconciliation, University of Mississippi). Retrieved on September 11, 2011.
  31. Ravo, Nick. "Mae Bertha Carter, 76, Mother Who Defied Segregation Law." The New York Times. May 6, 1999. Retrieved on March 30, 2012.
  32. FAA Airport Form 5010 for M37 PDF - Retrieved on September 23, 2010.
  33. "Poplarville, Hattiesburg among airports receiving grants Archived 2012-02-28 at the Wayback Machine." WDAM. March 12, 2010. Retrieved on September 23, 2010.
  34. "Boo Boo Davis Albums and Discography". AllMusic. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
  35. Didinger, Ray. "NFL Notebook: Archie Manning earns Bagnell award." Comcast SportsNet Philadelphia. Sunday August 14, 2011. Retrieved on September 2, 2011. "He thought it was good fortune to be drafted by a team so close to home (Drew, Miss.)[...]"
  36. Jon Pareles (December 22, 2000). "Pops Staples, Patriarch of the Staple Singers, Dies at 85". The New York Times. Retrieved February 18, 2008.
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