Ot Danum language

Ot Danum
Ot Danum
Dohoi
Native to	Indonesia
Region	Kalimantan
Ethnicity	Ot Danum people
Native speakers	79,000 (2007)[1]
Language family	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian West Barito North Ot Danum; ; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	otd
Glottolog	otda1235

Ot Danum is a Barito language of the central Borneo, Indonesia, spoken by the Ot Danum people. Dialects include Cihie and Dohoi.[2]

Phonology

Consonants

		Labial	Alveolar	(Alveolo-) palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m	n	ɲ	ŋ
Plosive/ Affricate	voiceless	p	t	t͡ɕ	k
Plosive/ Affricate	voiced	b	d	d͡ʑ	g
Fricative		β	(s)	ɕ		h
Rhotic	trill		r
Rhotic	tap		ɾ
Approximant				j

/ɕ/ may also be heard as [s] in free variation. In word-final position, it can be approximantized as [ɕ̞].
/ɾ/ can be heard as [l] in word-final position.
Prenasalization is said to also occur among voiced stops /b, d, d͡ʑ, ɡ/ in word-initial and intervocalic positions as [ᵐb, ⁿd, ᶮd͡ʑ, ᵑɡ].
Stop sounds /p, t, k/ in word-final position are heard as unreleased [p̚, t̚, k̚].
/h/ is heard as labialized [hʷ] when occurring anywhere within the position of /u/, and heard as a fronted velar [x̟] when occurring in the position of /i/.

Consonant fronting

Consonant fronting as well as laminalizing occurs among the following consonants when anywhere within the position of /i/. The allophones are heard as following:

Phoneme	Allophone
/t/	[t̪]
/d/	[ⁿ̪d̪], [d̪]
/n/	[n̪]
/r/	[r̪]
/ɾ/	[ɾ̪]
/nd/	[n̪d̪]
/t͡ɕ/	[t͡ɕ̻]
/d͡ʑ/	[ᶮ̻d͡ʑ̻], [d͡ʑ̻]
/ɕ/	[ɕ̻]
/ɲ/	[ɲ̻]
/j/	[j̟]
/k/	[k̟]
/ɡ/	[ᵑ̟ɡ̟], [ɡ̟]
/ŋ/	[ŋ̟]
/h/	[x̟]

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i		u
Mid	e		o
Open		a

/a/ can also be heard as [ɐ] in free variation.
/i, u/ are heard as [ɪ, ʊ] when preceding a vowel.[3]

References

Ot Danum at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Bamba, John (ed.) (2008). Mozaik Dayak keberagaman subsuku dan bahasa Dayak di Kalimantan Barat. Pontianak: Institut Dayakologi. ISBN 978-979-97788-5-7.
Inagaki, Kazuya (2005). Phonemic sketch of Dohoi/Kadorih. Kyoto University Linguistic Research 24: Kyoto University Research Information Repository. pp. 15–43.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)

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[e18-1] Ot Danum at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)

[Bamba-2008-2] Bamba, John (ed.) (2008). Mozaik Dayak keberagaman subsuku dan bahasa Dayak di Kalimantan Barat. Pontianak: Institut Dayakologi. ISBN 978-979-97788-5-7.

[3] Inagaki, Kazuya (2005). Phonemic sketch of Dohoi/Kadorih. Kyoto University Linguistic Research 24: Kyoto University Research Information Repository. pp. 15–43.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)