Demographics of Madrid

In January 2020, the municipality of Madrid, capital of Spain, had a population of 3,345,894 registered inhabitants[1] in an area of 604.3 square kilometers (233.3 sq mi). Thus, the city's population density was about 5,337 inhabitants per km². Madrid is Spain's largest city and the second most populous city proper in the European Union, after Berlin.

Demographics of Madrid
Population pyramid of the Community of Madrid in 2022
Population3,223,334 (2018)

Historical change
Historical population
YearPop.±%
1897510,616—    
1900540,109+5.8%
1910556,958+3.1%
1920728,937+30.9%
1930863,958+18.5%
19401,096,466+26.9%
19501,527,894+39.3%
19602,177,123+42.5%
19703,120,941+43.4%
19803,158,818+1.2%
19912,909,792−7.9%
20012,938,723+1.0%
20113,198,645+8.8%
20183,223,334+0.8%
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística"Alterations to the municipalities in the Population Censuses since 1842". Instituto Nacional de Estadistica. (Spanish Statistical Office). Retrieved 2019-08-25.

The population of Madrid has overall increased since the city became the capital of Spain in the mid-16th century, and has stabilised at approximately 3 million since the 1970s.

From 1970 until the mid-1990s, the population dropped. This phenomenon, which also affected other European cities, was caused in part by the growth of satellite suburbs at the expense of the downtown region within the city proper. This also occurred during a period of slowed growth in the European economy.

The demographic boom accelerated in the late 1990s and early first decade of the 21st century due to immigration in parallel with a surge in Spanish economic growth. According to census data, the population of the city grew by 271,856 between 2001 and 2005.

The Community of Madrid is the EU region with the highest average life expectancy at birth. The average life expectancy was 82.2 years for males and 87.8 for females in 2016.[2]

Immigration
Evolution of the foreign population of Madrid from 1997 to 2019 as of 1 January[1]

As the capital city of Spain, the city has attracted many immigrants from around the world, with most of the immigrants coming from Latin American countries.[3] In 2020, around 76% of the registered population was Spain-born, while, regarding the foreign-born population (24%), the bulk of it relates to the Americas (around 16% of the total population), and a lesser fraction of the population is born in other European, Asian and African countries.

As of 2019, the highest rising national group of immigrants was Venezuelans.[4]

Religion

Most people in Madrid are Roman Catholic Christians. It is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Madrid. In a 2011 survey conducted by InfoCatólica, 63.3% of Madrid residents of all ages identified themselves as Catholic.[7]

According to a 2019 Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (CIS) survey with a sample size of 469 respondents, 20.7% of respondents in Madrid identify themselves as practising Catholics, 45.8% as non-practising Catholics, 3.8% as believers of another religion, 11.1% as agnostics, 3.6% as indifferent towards religion, and 12.8% as atheists. The remaining 2.1% did not state their religious beliefs.[8]

Metropolitan region
See also: Madrid metropolitan area

According to Eurostat, the "metropolitan region" of Madrid has a population of slightly more than 6,271 million people[9] covering an area of 4,609.7 square kilometres (1,780 sq mi). It is the largest metropolitan area in Spain and the third largest in the European Union.[10][11][12]

References
  1. "Población extranjera en el Padrón Municipal de Habitantes: Evolución" (.xlsx). Ayuntamiento de Madrid. 20 August 2019.
  2. "Population statistics at regional level - Statistics Explained". ec.europa.eu.
  3. "Crece un 6% la población extranjera en Madrid hasta llegar al 21,5%". Telemadrid. 10 August 2018.
  4. Cano, Luis (17 April 2019). "El éxodo venezolano empuja a Madrid a su récord histórico de población extranjera". ABC.
  5. "Población de la ciudad de Madrid por País de nacionalidad" (.xslx). Ayuntamiento de Madrid. Retrieved 7 July 2020.
  6. "Población por País de nacimiento" (.xslx). Ayuntamiento de Madrid. Retrieved 7 July 2020.
  7. "España experimenta retroceso en catolicismo - El Mundo - Mundo Cristiano - CBN.com". cbn.com. Archived from the original on 17 July 2015.
  8. CIS (July 2019). "Postelectoral Elecciones Autonómicas y municipales 2019. Madrid (Municipio de)" (PDF). Retrieved 14 September 2019.
  9. "Eurostat – Tables, Graphs and Maps Interface (TGM) table". Epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu. 2 April 2012. Retrieved 9 November 2012.
  10. "Demographia World Urban Areas" (PDF). Demographia. 2019.
  11. "Major Agglomerations of the World". Population Statistics and Maps. 2019-01-01. Retrieved 2019-08-25.
  12. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs World Urbanization Prospects (2007 revision), (United Nations, 2008), Table A.12. Data for 2007.
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