Deborah Rhode

Deborah Lynn Rhode was born on January 29, 1952,[4] in Evanston, Illinois, and grew up in Wilmette and Kenilworth.[5][6] At New Trier High School during the late 1960s, she was a nationally ranked debater, competing against eventual Supreme Court nominee Merrick Garland.[5][7] She enrolled in Yale University in 1970 in the second class to admit women. Originally she wanted to work on poverty and had no interest in feminism, but an advisor gave her reading by Simone de Beauvoir that transformed Rhode's perception of the world.[8] The status of women as "unwanted minority" made an impression, for instance in university administrators who could not see any problem with describing the new student body as "a thousand male leaders and 250 women".[8] Rhode became a member of Phi Beta Kappa[4] and the Yale debate team, becoming its first female president (a role previously held by William F. Buckley Jr. and John Kerry).[7] She received her B.A., summa cum laude, in political science in 1974.[9]

She then enrolled at Yale Law School and worked in the law school's legal clinic which she said left her "angry all the time" at the injustice she witnessed.[6] She and others in the clinic wrote a manual for low-income clients who could not afford attorney's fees for uncontested divorces—drawing the ire of the local bar association—but she also decided the practice of law was not sustainable for her and found her calling instead in legal academia.[6] Her first academic work was a study of this issue; she published a paper in the Yale Law Journal, co-authored with Ralph Cavanagh (later her husband), finding that clients in uncontested divorces did equally well with advice from law students as from attorneys.[6] Rhode became editor of the Journal and director of the moot court board.[7] She received her J.D. from Yale Law School in 1977.[9]

After law school, Rhode clerked for Judge Murray Gurfein of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit in 1977–78 and for U.S. Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall in the 1978–79 term.[9][10] She became friends with Merrick Garland, who clerked for William J. Brennan Jr. in the same year.[8]

Rhode giving a presentation in 2011

Following her Supreme Court clerkship, in 1979 Rhode joined the faculty of Stanford Law School as an associate professor, becoming the third woman on the faculty, after Barbara Babcock and assistant professor Carol Rose (Rose left at the end of Rhode's first year).[9][11][8] She remained an associate professor through 1984,[10] then became the second woman to gain tenure at Stanford Law School, after Babcock.[7][12] At Stanford, the overwhelmingly male environment spurred Rhode to teach the law school's first class on gender and the law;[11] it came in response to episodes such as a retirement party of the law school's dean that she attended in 1981, at which a stripper had been hired.[6] She was also the first to teach a course on leadership for lawyers, lamenting that so many attorneys ended up in political positions of power without having any preparation for it as part of their legal education.[13][6]

Rhode served as a member of the Yale Corporation,[9] the governing body of Yale University from 1983 to 1989,[10] where she found that the gender issues she dealt with in the previous decade persisted. She tried to nominate Simone de Beauvoir, who had been so pivotal for Rhode, for an honorary degree from Yale, but the majority-male group resisted, questioning whether de Beauvoir had written her own work, saying it could have been written by "her husband".[8]

Rhode was a president of the Association of American Law Schools, the founding president of the International Association of Legal Ethics, and the chair of the American Bar Association's Commission on Women in the Profession. She founded and led a number of research centers at Stanford, including the Center on Ethics where she was director from 2003 to 2007; Center on the Legal Profession; and Center on Ethics and Program in Law and Social Entrepreneurship.[9] She was also the director of Stanford’s the Michelle R. Clayman Institute for Gender Research.[9]

During the Clinton administration, Rhode served as senior investigative counsel to the minority members of the U.S. House Committee on the Judiciary and advised them on presidential impeachment issues.[9] More recently Rhode was the vice chair of the Board of Directors of Legal Momentum (formerly the National Organization for Women's Legal Defense and Education Fund) and was a columnist for The National Law Journal.[9]

Deborah Rhode (second from right) speaks at the 2011 White House Champions of Change round table hosted by Eric Holder

Rhode received the American Bar Association's Outstanding Scholar Award; the American Bar Association's Michael Franck Professional Responsibility Award; the American Bar Foundation's W. M. Keck Foundation Award for distinguished scholarship on legal ethics; the American Bar Association's Pro Bono Publico Award; and the White House's 2011 Champion of Change Award for her work on access to justice.[9] Rhode's scholarship also focused on gender equality; she argued that the implicit demand for women to wear makeup at the workplace is a form of "gender subordination".[14] In 1991 article, she coined the term "The 'No-Problem' Problem" to describe the fundamental challenge, she argued, in advocating for women's rights was a problem of perception—the sense that a problem did not exist to need solving.[15]

Rhode was an elected fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. She was also the most-cited legal scholar in legal ethics, as found in 2007 and 2015 studies,[3][16] and was the third most-cited female legal scholar overall.[17] A 2012 study identified Rhode as one of the 50 most relevant law professors in the United States.[18]

In 1976,[12] Rhode married Ralph Cavanagh,[6] a senior attorney and co-director of Natural Resources Defense Council's energy program with whom she had attended college and law school.[26]

She was an amateur photographer, persuading Thurgood Marshall to sit for portraits.[12]

Rhode died at her home on January 8, 2021, three weeks before her 69th birthday.[6]

• List of law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States (Seat 10)

• Appearances on C-SPAN
• "Deborah Rhode: An Oral History," Stanford Historical Society Oral History Program, 2018.