Cronkhill
Cronkhill, Atcham, Shropshire, designed by John Nash, is "the earliest Italianate villa in England".[1]
| Cronkhill | |
|---|---|
 Cronkhill | |
| General information | |
| Type | Country house |
| Architectural style | Italianate |
| Town or city | Atcham |
| Country | England |
| Coordinates | 52.6703°N 2.6879°W |
| Construction started | 1802 |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | John Nash |
| Designations | Grade I |
Drawing on influences from the Italian Campagna and the Picturesque, including the art of Claude Lorrain, it began an architectural style that was hugely influential in England in the first half of the nineteenth century. Major examples include Trentham Park and Osborne House. Nash's "most original building",[2] it is Grade I listed.[1]
History
The house was designed by John Nash in 1802[3] for Francis Walford.[4] Walford was a friend of Thomas Noel Hill, 2nd Baron Berwick, of nearby Attingham Park, and the agent for Berwick's Attingham estates.[4] Mansbridge considers that the design was "almost certainly inspired" by Claude Lorrain's painting "Landscape near Rome with a View of the Ponte Molle."[5] Lord Berwick was the owner of two Claude landscapes.[2] Walford lived at Cronkhill, managing Lord Berwick's Attingham interests, until their relationship ended acrimoniously in 1828, when Walford left the house.[6] It was then occupied by members of the Berwick family, often when Attingham Park was let, until their final return to Attingham in the 1920s.[6] Cronkhill, along with Attingham Park, was gifted to the National Trust in the post-war period.[4]
Architecture
The body of the house is a rectangular two-storey block,[4] with a circular, three-storey, tower to the north and a square, three-storey, tower to the west.[1] A loggia links the two towers.[1] The walls are now white stucco,[4] although the colour may originally have been designed to imitate ashlar.[4] Internally, the main reception rooms are simply decorated, comprising a drawing room in the round tower, a library in the square tower and a dining room in the body of the house.[2] Although influential, the house, as with much of Nash's work, was subject to criticism, Davis describing the round tower as "merely a dramatic architectural trick, (containing neither) a circular staircase, nor even one circular room."[7] In 2016, the National Trust undertook a major restoration of the house to "restore Cronkhill's appearance back to Nash's original design."[8]
Notes
- Historic England, "Cronkhill (1176915)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 12 March 2017
- Greeves, p. 111.
- A design was exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1802, as a "house near Shrewsbury" (Howard Colvin).
- Newman & Pevsner, p. 240-1.
- Mansbridge, p. 101.
- "Delve into the history of Cronkhill on the Attingham estate". National Trust. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
- Davis, p. 23.
- "Open days at Cronkhill". National Trust. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
References
- Colvin, Howard (1995). A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects, 1600–1840. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300125085.
- Davis, Terence (1960). The Architecture of John Nash. London: Longacre Press Ltd. OCLC 902463199.
- Greeves, Lydia (2008). Houses of the National Trust. National Trust Books. ISBN 978-19054-0066-9.
- Mansbridge, Michael (1988). John Nash: A Complete Catalogue. Phaidon Press. ISBN 0-7148-2678-2.
- Newman, John; Pevsner, Nikolaus (2006). Shropshire. The Buildings of England. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-12083-4.