Corotoman

Corotoman was first inhabited by the Cuttatwomen Native American tribe several hundred years before the arrival of English colonists to Lancaster County, Virginia.[3]

John Carter I, the patriarch of the Carter family of Virginia, purchased and settled Corotoman between 1652 and 1653.[3] Carter developed and improved the lands into a plantation and constructed the first structures on the property before his death in 1669.[3] Carter's mansion, known as the "Old House", was built in the traditional 17th century hall-parlor plan with a porch chamber.[8]

Portrait of Robert "King" Carter

Corotoman was then inherited by Carter's son Robert Carter I (whose wealth and autocratic business methods led to his becoming known by the nickname "King") in 1690.[3] Under Robert Carter I's ownership, Corotoman became the center of what developed into a 300,000-acre (1,200 km²) estate of 48 plantations and farms including places such as Indian Town and Hills Quarters.[3]

Robert Carter began construction of the large Georgian mansion at Corotoman around 1720.[3][6][7] The mansion was completed in 1725, and introduced a new era for early 18th-century architecture in Virginia.[3][7] Corotoman also set the pattern for 18th-century architectural patronage.[6] The mansion at Corotoman rivaled the other important Colonial mansions of Virginia, and affirmed Robert Carter I's status as the most powerful planter in the aristocracy of the Tidewater region.[3] Carter's correspondences and diary revealed that the construction of the mansion at Corotoman was a lengthy, complex, and frustrating endeavor.[6] Construction materials for the mansion included paving stones from England, lumber from his plantation saw mills and from neighboring plantations, and oyster shells for mortar.[6] For some of the mansion's windows, Carter used iron casement frames for quarrel glass.[6] To undertake the mansion's construction, Carter imported skilled indentured servants from England and hired local craftsmen.[6]

Carter employed an English gardener, whom he instructed "to bring the yards around the mansion into closer accord with the architectural rhythms of the mansion.[8] Little is currently known of the garden's contents and design.[8]

At Corotoman, Carter maintained a building known as the "Brick House Store" where he kept imported goods that he sold and bartered to local planter.[9] In 1730, an inventory of items at the Brick House Store included essential supplies such as cloths, tools, and gunpowder and luxury items such as spices, ivory combs, and brass candlesticks.[9]

The "Spinster's House" at Corotoman in the early 20th century.

Another supporting structure at Corotoman was known as the "Spinster's House."[10] The house was constructed in either the late 17th century or the early 18th century.[10] The "Spinster's House" was a one-story and a half frame house adorned with a gabled roof with large end chimneys.[10] It lay in ruins for years before finally disappearing around 1930.[10] Before its disappearance, the "Spinster's House" was the last remaining supporting structure of the original Corotoman plantation.

In 1729, four years after "King" Carter's mansion was completed, a fire destroyed it.[3][6][7][10] Carter made little mention of the mansion fire in his diary, but did lament the total destruction of his wine cellar.[11] Carter died three years later and the mansion was not rebuilt.[3][10] An inventory taken in 1732 after Carter's death implies that after the fire, Carter resided in either the "Old House" or the "Spinster's House" at Corotoman rather than rebuild it because of fiscal difficulties or ill health.[8][10] In the mid-19th century, Corotoman and its adjacent lands passed out of the Carter family when they were sold by a granddaughter of Charles Carter.[3][5]

A mansion was rebuilt at Corotoman by successive owners, but was destroyed by fire around 1900.[4]

In Spring 2000, the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities acquired the site of Corotoman.[3]