Colossians 1

Colossians 1 is the first chapter of the Epistle to the Colossians in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. Traditionally, it is believed to have been written for the churches in Colossae and Laodicea (see Colossians 4:16) by Apostle Paul, with Timothy as his co-author, while he was in prison in Ephesus (years 53–54), although there are debatable claims that it is the work of a secondary imitator, or that it was written in Rome (in the early 60s).[1] This chapter contains the greeting, thanksgiving and prayer, followed by a "Christological Hymn" and the overall thesis of the letter.[2]

Colossians 1
A page showing the Greek text of Epistle to the Colossians 1:28–2:3 on Codex Claromontanus from ca. AD 550.
BookEpistle to the Colossians
CategoryPauline epistles
Christian Bible partNew Testament
Order in the Christian part12
Rome, Ephesus and Colossae in the Mediterranean
Ruins of Ephesus amphitheater with the harbor street leading to the coastline (2004).

Text
A page showing the Latin text of Epistle to the Colossians 1:28–2:3 on Codex Claromontanus from c. AD 550.

The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 29 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are:

Greeting (1:1–2)
The first page of the Epistles to the Colossians in Codex Harleianus 5557 (minuscule 321 in the Gregory-Aland numbering) from 12th century.

Verse 1
Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God, and Timothy our brother,[3]

The mention of Timothy alone among the fellow believers who were with Paul at that time (Colossians 4:7–14) suggests that he was the co-author of this epistle.[4]

Verse 2
To the saints and faithful brethren in Christ who are in Colosse:
Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.[5]

The location is usually known as "Colossae", but the King James Version and its "new" equivalent both use the name "Colosse".[6] J. B. Lightfoot also refers to the spelling "Colassae" in his commentary.[7]

Paul's opening greeting in his epistles normally mentions "a double source of divine benefactions: 'from God our/the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ'.[4] The omission of the second element[lower-alpha 1] may be due to the presence of 'in Christ' in the first part of this verse.[9]

Thanksgiving (1:3–8)

In most of his letters,[lower-alpha 2] Paul follows the greeting with a note of thanksgiving to God for his recipients, which "carefully reflect[s] Paul's assessment of the state of the community, and reveal his concerns".[4] The information about the believers at Colossae was obtained from Epaphras (Colossians 1:4, 8),[10] who was also from Colossae (Colossians 4:12).[11]

Prayer for the Future (1:9–11)

The believers have been the object of Paul's constant concern, so he asks God to make them understand his will, do good works and persevere.[10]

Conversion (1:12–14)

This section is actually still within one unbroken sentence with the previous, but in here Paul describes the crucial conversion of the believers into the form displayed by Christ, that is "by incorporation into Christ in baptism, the structures of the world are replaced by new values".[10]

The Christological Hymn (1:15–20)

A pattern of a 'Christological Hymn' in verses 15–20 has been hinted multiple times in the past without any hypothesis getting significant support.[10] Jerome Murphy-O'Connor offers a reconstruction that shows "two four-line strophes" as follows:[10]

VerseLineText
1:15a[1]Who is (the) image of the invisible God
1:15b[2]Firstborn of all creation
1:16a[3]For in him were created all things
1:16b[4]All things through him and to him were created.
1:18b[1]Who is (the) beginning
1:18c[2]Firstborn from the dead
1:19[3]For in him was pleased all the Fullness to dwell
1:20a[4]And through him to reconcile all things to him.

Verse 15
He is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn over all creation.[12]

See Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament.

Verse 16
For by Him all things were created that are in heaven and that are on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or dominions or principalities or powers.
All things were created through Him and for Him.[13]

Verse 17
And He is before all things, and in Him all things consist.[14]

Verse 18
And He is the head of the body, the church, who is the beginning, the firstborn from the dead, that in all things He may have the preeminence.[15]

Verses 19–20
19For it pleased the Father that in Him all the fullness should dwell, 20and by Him to reconcile all things to Himself, by Him, whether things on earth or things in heaven, having made peace through the blood of His cross.[16]

The Thesis of the Letter (1:21–23)

The three verses in this part enunciate the major themes of the epistle: past present and future, the journey of the Colossian believers from alienation through reconciliation to perseverance.[17]

Servant of the Mystery (1:24–2:5)

This section continues to chapter 2, dealing with Paul's sufferings which "reveal the present reality of grace" as a member of the body of Christ.[18]

Verses 24–26
24I now rejoice in my sufferings for you, and fill up in my flesh what is lacking in the afflictions of Christ, for the sake of His body, which is the church, 25of which I became a minister according to the stewardship from God which was given to me for you, to fulfill the word of God, 26the mystery which has been hidden from ages and from generations, but now has been revealed to His saints.[19]
  • "Fill up in my flesh what is lacking in the afflictions of Christ": Murphy-O'Connor prefers a more literal translation as given by Aletti: "I complete what is lacking in the sufferings-of-Christ-in-my-flesh" (cf. Galatians 2:20; 2 Corinthians 4:10–11) with no reference to the "individual Jesus Christ", because Paul's sufferings is due to him being a member of Christ's body (cf. Philippians 3:10).[20]

See also

Notes
  1. The absence of the phrase 'and the Lord Jesus Christ' is notable in Codex Vaticanus. Codex Sinaiticus, Byzantine Majority Text and Textus Receptus all have the complete phrase, whereas Codex Alexandrinus omits 'the Lord'.[8]
  2. Only the Epistle to the Galatians, 1 Timothy and Titus do not contain the thanksgiving section after the greeting.[4]

References
  1. Murphy-O'Connor 2007, pp. 1191–1192.
  2. Murphy-O'Connor 2007, pp. 1192–1194.
  3. Colossians 1:1 NKJV
  4. Murphy-O'Connor 2007, p. 1192.
  5. Colossians 1:2: NKJV
  6. BibleGateway.com, Various translations of Colossians 1:2
  7. Lightfoot, J. B., The Epistles of St Paul, III The First Roman Captivity – Saint Paul's Epistles to the Colossians and to Philemon, p. 16, accessed 14 May 2021
  8. N-A28 Apparatus on Colossians 1:2; Greek text analysis on Colossians 1:2 at Biblehub.com
  9. Aletti, J.-N. (1993) Saint Paul: Epitre aux Colossiens, Ebib NS 20 (Paris: Gabalda) p. 46; apud Murphy-O'Connor 2007, p. 1192.
  10. Murphy-O'Connor 2007, p. 1193.
  11. Moo, Douglas J. (2008). The Letters to the Colossians and to Philemon. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 90. ISBN 978-1844743414.
  12. Colossians 1:15 NKJV
  13. Colossians 1:16 NKJV
  14. Colossians 1:17 NKJV
  15. Colossians 1:18 NKJV
  16. Colossians 1:19–20 NKJV
  17. Murphy-O'Connor 2007, p. 1194.
  18. Murphy-O'Connor 2007, p. 1195.
  19. Colossians 1:24–26 NKJV
  20. Aletti, J.-N. (1993) Saint Paul: Epitre aux Colossiens, Ebib NS 20 (Paris: Gabalda), p. 135; apud Murphy-O'Connor 2007, p. 1195

Bibliography
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