Christopher Plunket, 2nd Earl of Fingall

Christopher Plunket
Christopher Plunket
Earl of Fingall
Tenure	1637–1649
Predecessor	Luke, 1st Earl of Fingall
Successor	Luke, 3rd Earl of Fingall
Died	August 1649
Spouse(s)	Mabel Barnewall
Issue; Detail	Luke, & others
Father	Luke, 1st Earl of Fingall
Mother	Susanna Brabazon

Christopher Plunket, 2nd Earl of Fingall and 11th Baron Killeen (died 1649) was an Irish politician and soldier. In 1641 he negotiated with the rebels on behalf of the Old English of the Pale and pushed them to join the rebellion. He fought for the rebels at the siege of Drogheda. He joined the Confederates and fought in their Leinster army, notably at Dungan's Hill. When the Confederates fused into the Royalist Alliance, he fought under James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormond in the Battle of Rathmines where he was wounded and taken prisoner. He died of his wounds two weeks later in captivity at Dublin Castle.

Birth and origins

Christopher was probably born in the late 1610s in County Meath, Ireland.[lower-alpha 1] He was the eldest son of Lucas Plunket and his second wife Susanna Brabazon. His father was then the 10th Baron Killeen (since 1613) and would on 26 September 1628 be created Earl of Fingall.[2] His father's family is believed to be of Norman origin and is attested in Ireland from the 11th century onwards.[3]

His mother was the fifth daughter of Edward Brabazon, 1st Baron Ardee and his wife Mary Smythe. Her grandfather had come from England to Ireland as vice-treasurer of Ireland and had been Lord Justice of Ireland.[4] His parents had married in 1611.[5]

Family tree

Christopher Plunkett with his wife, parents, and other selected relatives.[lower-alpha 2]

Henry
FitzGerald
12th Earl
Kildare
1562–1597

Christopher
Plunket
9th Baron
Killeen
1564–1613

Edward
1st Baron
Ardee
c.1548 – 1625

Elizabeth
FitzGerald

Luke
1st Earl
d. 1637

Susanna
Brabazon
d. 1623

Nicholas
Barnewall
1st Viscount
1592–1663

Richard
of
Kilcash
1615–1701

Christopher
2nd Earl
d. 1649

Mabel
Barnewall

Donough
1st Earl
Clancarty
1594–1665

Walter
of
Garryricken
d. 1700
d.v.p.*

Mary
Plunket

Luke
3rd Earl
1639–1684

Margaret
MacCarty
d. 1704

Thomas
of
Garryricken
d. 1738
Colonel

Peter
4th Earl
1678–1718

Legend

XXX

Subject of
the article

XXX

Earls of
Fingall

XXX

Earls of
Clancarty

XXX

Viscounts
Barnewall

*d.v.p. = predeceased his father (decessit vita patris).

Christopher was the eldest of at least four brothers (but only Christopher and George are known):

Christopher (died 1649)
George, the fourth son, married Cicely, daughter of Sir William Hill, of Allenston, County Meath, was captain at the siege of Drogheda, and colonel of a regiment of foot in the Confederate army[12]

Early life

Christopher's mother died in 1623. She had been a Protestant.[13] After her death, his father made sure that Christopher would be raised in the Catholic faith.

Marriage and children

in January 1636 Killeen married[14] Mabel, daughter of Nicholas Barnewall, 1st viscount Kingsland and Lady Bridget FitzGerald. She would survive him by 50 years[15] and would, in 1653, remarry to Colonel James Barnewall, youngest son of Sir Patrick Barnewall.

Christopher and Mabel had five sons (of which the younger three are poorly known):

Luke (1639–1684), his heir, who recovered the estate and title in 1662.[16]
Nicholas, married Anne Taaffe, daughter of Theobald Taaffe, 1st Earl of Carlingford[17]
____ (died 1664) buried at St. Catherine, 20 September
Patrick (died 1666), buried at St Michan's, 3 June
____ of county Monaghan

—and a daughter:

Mary, married Walter Butler of Garryricken, nephew of James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde: they were the grandparents of John Butler, 15th Earl of Ormonde.[18]

Honours and parliament

In 1637 Killeen succeeded his father as the 2nd Earl of Fingall. On 20 March that year Lord Fingall received special livery of his estates.[1] he inherited great estates in County Meath and County Cavan, and played a part in developing the town of Virginia, County Cavan.

Lord Fingall took his seat in the House of Lords of the Irish Parliament on 16 March 1639, and was a member of several committees for privileges and grievances.

Irish wars, death, and timeline

When the Rebellion broke out on 23 October 1641,[19] Fingall tried to stay neutral between the government and the rebel as most of the nobility and gentry of the Pale did. On 16 November he was appointed a commissioner to negotiate with the rebels, "with a view to suspend for some time the sad effects of licentiousness and rapine, until the kingdom was put in a better posture of defence".[20]

His behaviour caused him to be mistrusted by the Government, and on 17 November he was proclaimed an outlaw.[21] He thereupon played a prominent role in bringing about an alliance between the Ulster party and the nobility and gentry of the Pale. He was present at the meeting at the Hill of Crofty, and subsequently at that at the Hill of Tara, where he was appointed general of the horse for the county of Meath. He, therefore, led the rebel horse at the siege of Drogheda.[22] His name is attached to the principal documents drawn up by the Irish Confederates in justification of their taking up arms. He was a member of the general assembly of the Confederation of Kilkenny, and, by taking the oath of association against the papal nuncio Giovanni Battista Rinuccini in June 1648, proved his fidelity to the original demands of the confederates; but otherwise, he played an inconspicuous part in the history of the confederation.

Death in battle

On 2 August 1649 Lord Fingall fought under James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormond at the battle of Rathmines where he was wounded and taken prisoner by the Parliamentarians. He died of his wounds about a fortnight later while in captivity in Dublin Castle. He was buried in St Catherine's Church on 18 August.[23] The Parliamentarians accused him of high treason, and his estates were confiscated by the English Commonwealth's Act for the Settlement of Ireland on 12 August 1652[24] and Beaulieu was given to Sir Henry Tichborne as tenant to the state by Cromwell.[25] Fingall's son and heir by 1677 had recovered much of the family property, but Beaulieu was permanently lost to the Plunketts.

Timeline
As his birth date is uncertain, so are all his ages.
Age	Date	Event
0	1617, estimate	Born[lower-alpha 1]
5–6	1623	Mother died[13]
7–8	1625, 27 Mar	Accession of King Charles I, succeeding King James I[26]
10–11	1628, 26 Sep	Became Lord Killeen as his father was created Earl of Fingall[2]
18–19	1636, Jan	Married Mabel Barnewall[14]
19–20	1637	Succeeded his father as the 2nd Earl of Fingall
21–22	1639, 16 March	Took his seat at the Irish House of Lords
28–29	1646, 5 Jun	Confederate victory at the Battle of Benburb[27]
31–32	1649, 30 Jan	King Charles I beheaded.[28]
31–32	1649, 2 Aug	Fought at the Battle of Rathmines, was wounded and taken prisoner
31–32	1649, Aug	Died at Dublin Castle

Notes and references

Notes

His birth date is constrained by his parents' marriage in 1611 and his mother's death in 1623. However, the special livery of his estates at his father's death in 1637[1] indicates that he was not far from coming off age at that time.
This family tree is derived from two published trees,[6][7] and classical genealogical sources.[8][9][10][11] Also see the list of children in the text.

Citations

Dunlop 1896, p. 440, right column, line 6. "His father died in 1637, and on 20 March that year Plunket received special livery of his estates"
Burke & Burke 1915, p. 805, left column, line 24. "... was created Earl of Fingall, 26 Sept. 1628 ..."
Burke & Burke 1915, p. 804, right column, line 17. "This noble family is of Danish origin, but its settlement in Ireland is so remote that nothing certain can be ascertained as to the precise period. So early as the 11th century we find John Plunkett was seated at Beaulieu, or Bewley, Meath ..."
Burke & Burke 1915, p. 1378, right column. "Sir William Brabazon, Knt., who was appointed, in 1534, vice-treasurer ..."
Cokayne 1890, p. 353. "He m. [married] secondly (articles dat. 9 June 1611) Susanna, sister of William, 1st Earl of Meath, da. [daughter] of Edward Brabazon, 1st Baron Brabazon of Ardee [I. [Ireland]] ..."
Dunboyne 1968, pp. 16–17. "Butler Family Tree condensed"
Mountmorres 1792, p. 216. Pedigree from Walter, 10th Earl, to John, 15th Earl, in note
Burke & Burke 1915, p. 1551. Genealogy of the earls and dukes of Ormonde
Debrett 1828, p. 641–642. Genealogy of the earls and dukes of Ormonde
Cokayne 1895, p. 149–153. Genealogy of the earls and dukes of Ormonde
Cokayne 1926, p. 385–390. "Genealogy of the earls of Fingall"
Burke & Burke 1915, p. 805, left column, line 37. "George, the 4th son, a capt. of foot at the siege of Drogheda in 1641, and afterwards col. in the rebel army. He m. [married] Cicely, dau. of Sir William Hill of Allenston, co. Meath ..."
Ohlmeyer 2004, p. 626, right column, line 3. "Christopher's mother, a Protestant, died in 1623."
Burke & Burke 1915, p. 805, left column, line 59. "He m. [married] in Jan. 1636 Mabel Barnewall, dau. [daughter] of Nicholas, 1st Viscount Kingsland"
Reily v Ward (1717) Brown's Law Reports Vol.1 p.575
Dunlop 1896, p. 440, right column, line 53. "His eldest son and heir, Luke, third Earl of Fingall, was restored to his estates and honours by order of the Court of Claims in 1662"
Lodge 1789, p. 186, line . "(2) Nicholas who married Anne, daughter of Theobald Earl of Carlingford, and widow of Sir Joseph Throckmorten ..."
Burke & Burke 1915, p. 1550, left column, line 34. "(1) Walter, who m. [married] Lady Mary Plunkett, dau. [daughter] of Christopher, 2nd Earl of Fingal ..."
Warner 1768, p. 6. "... the twenty-third October [1641] ... seized all the towns, castles, and houses belonging to the Protestants which they had force enough to possess;"
Dunlop 1896, p. 440, right column, line 12. "On the outbreak of the Rebellion in October 1641, he endeavoured, like the nobility and gentry of the Pale generally, to maintain an attitude of neutrality between the government and the northern party, and on 16 November was appointed a commissioner to confer with all persons in arms, "with a view to suspend for some time the sad effects of licentiousness and rapine, until the kingdom was put in a better posture of defence"."
Bellings 1885, p. 360. "Persons indicted of treason in the King's Bench in Hilary terme, anno decimao septimo Caroli Regis, 1641, and outlawed thereupon: Meath:—Fingall, Christopher [Plunkett], Earl of."
Lodge 1789, p. 185, bottom. "... was commander in chief of the horse at the siege of Drogheda ..."
Clarke 2009, [Last paragraph]. "... was buried on 18 August in St Catherine's church."
Dunlop 1896, p. [440]. "He was seven times indicted for high treason, and his estates were confiscated by the act for the speedy settlement of Ireland on 12 Aug. 1652."
Armstrong 2004, p. 755, left column, line. "... grant of lands at Beaulieu, co. Louth, of which he had been awarded possession, as tenant to the State, by Cromwell."
Fryde et al. 1986, p. 44, line 16. "Charles I. ... acc. 27 Mar. 1625 ..."
Duffy 2002, p. 114. "When the latter [O'Neill] scored a surprise victory at Benburn, on 5 June 1646, over the Ulster Scots led by General Robert Munro, it seemed that the confederates were in sight of victory ..."
Fryde et al. 1986, p. 44, line 17. "Charles I. ... exec. 30 Jan. 1649 ..."

Sources

Subject matter monographs:

Click here. Aidan Clarke 2009 in Dictionary of Irish Biography
Click here. Robert Dunlop 1896 in Dictionary of National Biography
Click here. Ohlmeyer 2004 in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography

Armstrong, R. M. (2004). "Tichborne, Sir Henry (1581?–1667)". In Matthew, Colin; Harrison, Brian (eds.). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 54. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 754–756. ISBN 0-19-861404-7.
Bellings, Richard (1885). Gilbert, John Thomas (ed.). History of the Irish Confederation and the War in Ireland 1643-1644. Vol. III (limited to two hundred copies ed.). Dublin: Printed for the editor by M. H. Gill & Son. – 1643 to 1644
Burke, Bernard; Burke, Ashworth Peter (1915). A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Peerage and Baronetage, the Privy Council, Knightage and Companionage (77th ed.). London: Harrison. OCLC 1155471554.
Clarke, Aidan (October 2009). McGuire, James; Quinn, James (eds.). "Plunket, Christopher". Dictionary of Irish Biography. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
Cokayne, George Edward (1890). Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct, or Dormant. Vol. III (1st ed.). London: George Bell and Sons. OCLC 1180838776. – D to F (for Fingall)
Cokayne, George Edward (1895). Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct, or Dormant. Vol. VI (1st ed.). London: George Bell and Sons. OCLC 1180818801. – N to R (for Ormonde)
Cokayne, George Edward (1926). Gibbs, Vicary (ed.). The complete peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct, or dormant. Vol. V (2nd ed.). London: St Catherine Press. OCLC 228661424. – Eardley of Spalding to Goojerat
Debrett, John (1828). Peerage of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Vol. II (17th ed.). London: F. C. and J. Rivington. OCLC 54499602. – Scotland and Ireland
Duffy, Seán (2002). The Illustrated History of Ireland. New York: Contemporary Books. ISBN 0-8092-2437-2.
Dunboyne, Patrick Theobald Tower Butler, Baron (1968). Butler Family History (2nd ed.). Kilkenny: Rothe House.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Dunlop, Robert (1896). "Plunket, Christopher, second earl of Fingall (d. 1649)". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. XLV. London: Smith, Elder, & Co. pp. 440–441. OCLC 8544105.
Fryde, Edmund Boleslaw; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I., eds. (1986). Handbook of British Chronology. Royal Historical Society Guides and Handbooks, No. 2 (3rd ed.). London: Offices of the Royal Historical Society. ISBN 0-86193-106-8. – (for timeline)
Lodge, John (1789). Archdall, Mervyn (ed.). The Peerage of Ireland or, A Genealogical History of the Present Nobility of that Kingdom. Vol. VI. Dublin: James Moore. OCLC 264906028. – Viscounts, barons
Mountmorres, Hervey Redmond Morres, Viscount (1792). The History of the Principal Transactions of the Irish Parliament from the Year 1634 to 1666. Vol. I. London: T. Cadell. OCLC 843863159.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) – House of Lords
Ohlmeyer, Jane (2004). "Plunket, Christopher, second earl of Fingal". In Matthew, Colin; Harrison, Brian (eds.). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 44. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 626–627. ISBN 0-19-861394-6.
Warner, Ferdinand (1768). History of the Rebellion and Civil-War in Ireland. Vol. I. Dublin: James William. OCLC 82770539. – 1641 to 1643

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[DoB-2] His birth date is constrained by his parents' marriage in 1611 and his mother's death in 1623. However, the special livery of his estates at his father's death in 1637[1] indicates that he was not far from coming off age at that time.

[13] This family tree is derived from two published trees,[6][7] and classical genealogical sources.[8][9][10][11] Also see the list of children in the text.

[FOOTNOTEDunlop1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsdictionaryofnati45stepuoftpage440_440,_right_column,_line_6]-1] Dunlop 1896, p. 440, right column, line 6. "His father died in 1637, and on 20 March that year Plunket received special livery of his estates"

[FOOTNOTEBurkeBurke1915[httpsarchiveorgdetailsb3136410xpage805_805,_left_column,_line_24]-3] Burke & Burke 1915, p. 805, left column, line 24. "... was created Earl of Fingall, 26 Sept. 1628 ..."

[FOOTNOTEBurkeBurke1915[httpsarchiveorgdetailsb3136410xpage804_804,_right_column,_line_17]-4] Burke & Burke 1915, p. 804, right column, line 17. "This noble family is of Danish origin, but its settlement in Ireland is so remote that nothing certain can be ascertained as to the precise period. So early as the 11th century we find John Plunkett was seated at Beaulieu, or Bewley, Meath ..."

[FOOTNOTEBurkeBurke1915[httpsarchiveorgdetailsb3136410xpage1378_1378,_right_column]-5] Burke & Burke 1915, p. 1378, right column. "Sir William Brabazon, Knt., who was appointed, in 1534, vice-treasurer ..."

[FOOTNOTECokayne1890[httpsarchiveorgdetailscompletepeerage03cokahrishpagen354_353]-6] Cokayne 1890, p. 353. "He m. [married] secondly (articles dat. 9 June 1611) Susanna, sister of William, 1st Earl of Meath, da. [daughter] of Edward Brabazon, 1st Baron Brabazon of Ardee [I. [Ireland]] ..."

[FOOTNOTEDunboyne1968[httpsarchiveorgdetailsbutlerfamilyhist00dunbpage16_16–17]-7] Dunboyne 1968, pp. 16–17. "Butler Family Tree condensed"

[FOOTNOTEMountmorres1792[httpsarchiveorgdetailshistoryprincipa00soutgoogpagen244_216]-8] Mountmorres 1792, p. 216. Pedigree from Walter, 10th Earl, to John, 15th Earl, in note

[FOOTNOTEBurkeBurke1915[httpsarchiveorgdetailsb3136410xpage1551_1551]-9] Burke & Burke 1915, p. 1551. Genealogy of the earls and dukes of Ormonde

[FOOTNOTEDebrett1828[httpsarchiveorgdetailsdebrettspeerage01debrgoogpagen219_641–642]-10] Debrett 1828, p. 641–642. Genealogy of the earls and dukes of Ormonde

[FOOTNOTECokayne1895[httpsarchiveorgdetailscompletepeerage06cokahrishpagen150_149–153]-11] Cokayne 1895, p. 149–153. Genealogy of the earls and dukes of Ormonde

[FOOTNOTECokayne1926[httpsarchiveorgdetailsCokayneGETheCompletePeerageSecondEditionVolume5EAGOpagen204_385–390]-12] Cokayne 1926, p. 385–390. "Genealogy of the earls of Fingall"

[FOOTNOTEBurkeBurke1915[httpsarchiveorgdetailsb3136410xpage1551_805,_left_column,_line_37]-14] Burke & Burke 1915, p. 805, left column, line 37. "George, the 4th son, a capt. of foot at the siege of Drogheda in 1641, and afterwards col. in the rebel army. He m. [married] Cicely, dau. of Sir William Hill of Allenston, co. Meath ..."

[FOOTNOTEOhlmeyer2004[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_0198613946page626_626,_right_column,_line_3]-15] Ohlmeyer 2004, p. 626, right column, line 3. "Christopher's mother, a Protestant, died in 1623."

[FOOTNOTEBurkeBurke1915[httpsarchiveorgdetailsb3136410xpage805_805,_left_column,_line_59]-16] Burke & Burke 1915, p. 805, left column, line 59. "He m. [married] in Jan. 1636 Mabel Barnewall, dau. [daughter] of Nicholas, 1st Viscount Kingsland"

[17] Reily v Ward (1717) Brown's Law Reports Vol.1 p.575

[FOOTNOTEDunlop1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsdictionaryofnati45stepuoftpage440_440,_right_column,_line_53]-18] Dunlop 1896, p. 440, right column, line 53. "His eldest son and heir, Luke, third Earl of Fingall, was restored to his estates and honours by order of the Court of Claims in 1662"

[FOOTNOTELodge1789[httpsarchiveorgdetailspeerageofireland06lodgpage186_186,_line_]-19] Lodge 1789, p. 186, line . "(2) Nicholas who married Anne, daughter of Theobald Earl of Carlingford, and widow of Sir Joseph Throckmorten ..."

[FOOTNOTEBurkeBurke1915[httpsarchiveorgdetailsb3136410xpage1550_1550,_left_column,_line_34]-20] Burke & Burke 1915, p. 1550, left column, line 34. "(1) Walter, who m. [married] Lady Mary Plunkett, dau. [daughter] of Christopher, 2nd Earl of Fingal ..."

[FOOTNOTEWarner1768[httpsarchiveorgdetailshistoryrebellio00warngoogpagen32_6]-21] Warner 1768, p. 6. "... the twenty-third October [1641] ... seized all the towns, castles, and houses belonging to the Protestants which they had force enough to possess;"

[FOOTNOTEDunlop1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsdictionaryofnati45stepuoftpage440_440,_right_column,_line_12]-22] Dunlop 1896, p. 440, right column, line 12. "On the outbreak of the Rebellion in October 1641, he endeavoured, like the nobility and gentry of the Pale generally, to maintain an attitude of neutrality between the government and the northern party, and on 16 November was appointed a commissioner to confer with all persons in arms, "with a view to suspend for some time the sad effects of licentiousness and rapine, until the kingdom was put in a better posture of defence"."

[FOOTNOTEBellings1885[httpsbabelhathitrustorgcgiptiduc131175001605297view2upseq404_360]-23] Bellings 1885, p. 360. "Persons indicted of treason in the King's Bench in Hilary terme, anno decimao septimo Caroli Regis, 1641, and outlawed thereupon: Meath:—Fingall, Christopher [Plunkett], Earl of."

[FOOTNOTELodge1789[httpsarchiveorgdetailspeerageofireland06lodgpage185_185,_bottom]-24] Lodge 1789, p. 185, bottom. "... was commander in chief of the horse at the siege of Drogheda ..."

[Clarke-25] Clarke 2009, [Last paragraph]. "... was buried on 18 August in St Catherine's church."

[FOOTNOTEDunlop1896[440]-26] Dunlop 1896, p. [440]. "He was seven times indicted for high treason, and his estates were confiscated by the act for the speedy settlement of Ireland on 12 Aug. 1652."

[FOOTNOTEArmstrong2004[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_0198614047page755_755,_left_column,_line]-27] Armstrong 2004, p. 755, left column, line. "... grant of lands at Beaulieu, co. Louth, of which he had been awarded possession, as tenant to the State, by Cromwell."

[FOOTNOTEFrydeGreenwayPorterRoy1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailshandbookofbritis0000unsepage44_44,_line_16]-28] Fryde et al. 1986, p. 44, line 16. "Charles I. ... acc. 27 Mar. 1625 ..."

[FOOTNOTEDuffy2002[httpsarchiveorgdetailsillustratedhisto0000duffpage114_114]-29] Duffy 2002, p. 114. "When the latter [O'Neill] scored a surprise victory at Benburn, on 5 June 1646, over the Ulster Scots led by General Robert Munro, it seemed that the confederates were in sight of victory ..."

[FOOTNOTEFrydeGreenwayPorterRoy1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailshandbookofbritis0000unsepage44_44,_line_17]-30] Fryde et al. 1986, p. 44, line 17. "Charles I. ... exec. 30 Jan. 1649 ..."