Charaxes dilutus

Charaxes dilutus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Nymphalidae
Genus:	Charaxes
Species:	C. dilutus
Binomial name
	Charaxes dilutus; Rothschild, 1898 [1] [2]
Synonyms
	Charaxes eupalus dilutus Rothschild, 1898; Charaxes dilutus miotoni van Someren, 1975[3];

Charaxes dilutus is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia and Angola.[4] The habitat consists of tropical evergreen forests.

The larvae feed on Albizia gummifera, Albizia adianthifolia and Scutia species.

Notes on the biology of dilutus are given by Kielland, J. (1990). [5]

Description

dilutus Rothsch. is somewhat larger [than Charaxes eupale , with the apical half of the forewing light green, less sharply defined proximally and terminating at or before the end of vein 1. Hindwing without dark marginal line and with the submarginal spots smaller or indistinct. In the interior of the Congo region and in Nyassaland.[6]

A full description is given by Walter Rothschild and Karl Jordan, 1900 Novitates Zoologicae Volume 7:287-524. page 512 (for terms see Novitates Zoologicae Volume 5:545-601 )

Subspecies

Charaxes dilutus dilutus (Malawi, Zambia, eastern Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, southern and western Tanzania)
Charaxes dilutus amanica Collins, 1990[7] (north-eastern Tanzania)
Charaxes dilutus kasitu White & Grant, 1989 [8] (Malawi: west-central to the Dzelanyama Range) synonym for Charaxes eupale[3]
Charaxes dilutus ngonga van Someren, 1974.[9] (central Kenya, Uganda: south-west to Kigezi, Sudan) synonym for Charaxes eupale[3]

Similar species

Charaxes dilutus is in the Charaxes eupale species group (clade). The clade members are

Bouyer et al., 2008 erected the genus Viridixes Bouyer & Vingerhoedt, 2008 to accommodate species belonging to the eupale species group.[10]

Realm

Afrotropical realm

References

Rothschild, W. in Walter Rothschild and Jordan, K. (1898). A monograph of Charaxes and the allied prionopterous genera. Novitates Zoologicae Volume 5:545-601 ; 1899 Volume 6: 220-286 : 1900 Volume 7:287-524. Descriptions and plates (monochrome photos).
"Charaxes Ochsenheimer, 1816" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
Bouyer, Zakharov, Rougerie & Vingerhoedt , 2008 Les Charaxes du "groupe eupale" : Description d'un nouveau genre, révision et approche génétique (Lépidoptera, Nymphalidae, Charaxinae) Entomologia Africana Hors série n°3, 2008.
Afrotropical Butterflies: File H - Charaxinae - Tribe Charaxini
Kielland, J. 1990. Butterflies of Tanzania. Hill House, Melbourne and London: 1-363.
Aurivillius, [P.O.]C. 1908-1924. In: Seitz, A. Die GroÃŸschmetterlinge der Erde Band 13: Abt. 2, Die exotischen GroÃŸschmetterlinge, Die afrikanischen Tagfalter, 1925, 613 Seiten, 80 Tafeln (The Macrolepidoptera of the World 13).Alfred Kernen Verlag, Stuttgart. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
Collins,S.C. in Kielland, J. 1990 Butterflies of Tanzania 338 (363 pp.). Melbourne
White, R.S., & Grant, T.A. 1989. Descriptions of two new subspecies of Charaxes dilutus Rothschild from Malawi (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 89 (3-4): 35-39.
Van Someren, V.G.L. 1974 Revisional notes on African Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part IX. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Entomology) 29 (8): 415-487.
Bouyer, T., Zakharov, E.V., Rougerie, R. & Vingerhoedt, E. 2008: Les Charaxes du groupe eupale: description d'un nouveau genre, révision et approche génétique (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Charaxinae). Entomologia Africana Hors Série 3: 1–32.

Victor Gurney Logan Van Someren, 1974 Revisional notes on African Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part IX. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Entomology) 29 (8):415-487.
Bouyer, T., Zakharov, E., Rougerie, R. & Vingerhoedt, E. (2008): Les Charaxes du groupe eupale : description d’un nouveau genre, révision et approche génétique (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Charaxinae) Entomologica Africana Hors Série 3:1-32.

External links

ssp. diluta African Charaxes/Charaxes Africains Eric Vingerhoedt
ssp. amanica African Charaxes/Charaxes Africains Eric Vingerhoedt
African Charaxes/Charaxes Africains Eric Vingerhoedt images of eupale group
Charaxes dilutus dilutus images at Consortium for the Barcode of Life
Charaxes dilutus amanica images at BOLD
Charaxes dilutus kasitu images at BOLD
Charaxes dilutus veneris images at BOLD
Images of C. dilutus amanica Royal Museum for Central Africa (Albertine Rift Project)
Images of C. dilutus ngonga (Albertine Rift Project)
African Butterfly Database Range map via search (noting synonymy above on this page)

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[1] Rothschild, W. in Walter Rothschild and Jordan, K. (1898). A monograph of Charaxes and the allied prionopterous genera. Novitates Zoologicae Volume 5:545-601 ; 1899 Volume 6: 220-286 : 1900 Volume 7:287-524. Descriptions and plates (monochrome photos).

[funet-2] "Charaxes Ochsenheimer, 1816" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms

[Bouyer,_Zakharov,_Rougerie_&_Vingerhoedt-3] Bouyer, Zakharov, Rougerie & Vingerhoedt , 2008 Les Charaxes du "groupe eupale" : Description d'un nouveau genre, révision et approche génétique (Lépidoptera, Nymphalidae, Charaxinae) Entomologia Africana Hors série n°3, 2008.

[ATBUT-4] Afrotropical Butterflies: File H - Charaxinae - Tribe Charaxini

[5] Kielland, J. 1990. Butterflies of Tanzania. Hill House, Melbourne and London: 1-363.

[6] Aurivillius, [P.O.]C. 1908-1924. In: Seitz, A. Die GroÃŸschmetterlinge der Erde Band 13: Abt. 2, Die exotischen GroÃŸschmetterlinge, Die afrikanischen Tagfalter, 1925, 613 Seiten, 80 Tafeln (The Macrolepidoptera of the World 13).Alfred Kernen Verlag, Stuttgart. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

[7] Collins,S.C. in Kielland, J. 1990 Butterflies of Tanzania 338 (363 pp.). Melbourne

[8] White, R.S., & Grant, T.A. 1989. Descriptions of two new subspecies of Charaxes dilutus Rothschild from Malawi (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 89 (3-4): 35-39.

[9] Van Someren, V.G.L. 1974 Revisional notes on African Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part IX. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Entomology) 29 (8): 415-487.

[10] Bouyer, T., Zakharov, E.V., Rougerie, R. & Vingerhoedt, E. 2008: Les Charaxes du groupe eupale: description d'un nouveau genre, révision et approche génétique (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Charaxinae). Entomologia Africana Hors Série 3: 1–32.