Top contributors to climate change

In million tonnes CO2e, China is the largest emitter with 12705; USA is second with 6001, India 3394, EU (which is 27 countries) 3383, Russia 2476, Japan 1166, Brazil 1057, Indonesia 1002, Iran 893, and Canada 736.[6]

This heading uses data from [8] a climate accountability[9] report of Heede, van Der Vlugt and Griffin of the Carbon Disclosure Project.[8] While data of emissions "Direct operational" and indirectly caused from the companies surveyed were indicated by the CDP, requests for data which were ignored by companies and emissions resulting from the use of products originating with companies were included as estimates by the researchers.[8] The data used by the CDP scientists is a composite of quantities of emissions as described via the GHG Protocol Corporate Standard (GHGPCS): Scope 1 and Scope 3 emissions (not including Scope 2) - these three being all the possible emission types. 1 is direct emissions sources from a companies owned or possessed resources, 3 is indirect sources consequential of the production - divided by GHGPCS into upstream and downstream, and 15 categories.[10] Scope 3 emissions are thought to be approximately 90% of the total from any company and result from the combustion of coal, and, or, oil, and, or, gas during the conversion of these into energy i.e. as fuel; which is categorized as a downstream.[8] The relevant tables below have a ranking of 20 industrial greenhouse gas emitters from 1988 to 2015 from the Carbon Majors Database (CDP) [11] report,[8] a July 10, 2017 [12] dataset of GtCO2e.[7]

The table below shows the total combined (cumulative) emissions as a percentage of all emissions. Oil and gas production data was obtained from annual reports from company websites and the SEC (2016). For some state owned enterprises, data was sourced from the ‘Oil & Gas Journal’ (1986-2016) or is estimated from national statistics (EIA 2017, BP 2016, and OPEC 2016):

Rank	Company	Country	Percentage
1	Saudi Arabian Oil Company (Aramco)	Saudi Arabia	4.8%
2	Gazprom OAO	Russia	4.2%
3	National Iranian Oil Co	Iran	2.3%
4	ExxonMobil Corp	United States	2.1%
5	Petroleos Mexicanos (Pemex)	Mexico	2.0%
6	Royal Dutch Shell PLC		1.8%
7	BP PLC	United Kingdom	1.7%
8	China National Petroleum Corp (PetroChina)	China	1.6%
9	Chevron Corp	United States	1.4%
10	Petroleos de Venezuela SA (PDVSA)	Venezuela	1.3%
11	Abu Dhabi National Oil Co	United Arab Emirates	1.2%
12	Kuwait Petroleum Corp	Kuwait	1.0%
13	Total SA	France	1.0%
14	Sonatrach SPA	Algeria	1.0%
15	ConocoPhillips		1.0%
16	Petroleo Brasileiro SA (Petrobras)	Brazil	0.8%
17	Nigerian National Petroleum Corp		0.7%
18	Petroliam Nasional Berhad (Petronas)		0.7%
19	Rosneft OAO		0.7%
20	Lukoil OAO		0.7%
SUM			32.0%

The Guardian newspaper (England, Britain) [13] and Acciona[14] (bracketed); both citing CDP:

Rank	Company	Country	Percentage
1	China (Coal)	China	14.32% (14.3%)
2	Saudi Aramco	Saudi Arabia	4.50% (4.5%)
3	Gazprom	Russia	3.91% (3.9%)
4	National Iranian Oil Company	Iran	2.28% (2.3%)
5	ExxonMobil	United States	1.98% (2.0%)
6	Coal India	India	1.87% (1.9%)
7	Petróleos Mexicanos	Mexico	1.87% (1.9%)
8	Russia (Coal)	Russia	1.86% (1.9%)
9	Shell	United Kingdom	1.67% (1.7%)
10	China National Petroleum Corporation	China	1.56% (1.6%)
11	BP	United Kingdom	1.53%
12	Chevron Corporation	United States	1.31%
13	PDVSA	Venezuela	1.23%
14	Abu Dhabi National Oil Company	United Arab Emirates	1.20%
15	Poland (Coal)	Poland	1.16%
16	Peabody Energy	United States	1.15%
17	Sonatrach	Algeria	1.00%
18	Kuwait Petroleum Corporation	Kuwait	1.00%
19	Total	France	0.95%
20	BHP	Australia	0.91%
SUM			47.2%

Scope 3 emissions are thought to be approximately 90% of the total from any company (Scope 1) and result from fuel combustion.[8]

Pickup trucks were found to produce the most emissions in a group of vehicles including SUVs and cars, in a survey reported January 2022.[15] Excluding pickup trucks, the most polluting car type surveyed 2017 is the 2011 - 2020 Jeep Grand Cherokee which creates 372 grams per kilometre from the exhaust pipe, the 2007 - 2014 Audi R8 creates 346, thirdly the Chevrolet Camaro 335, the tenth most polluting, the Porsche Macan creates 291.[16]

The World Health Organization considers that during 2018 approximately 3 billion people, which was more than 40% of the 2018 estimated global population, used polluting fuel sources in their residences.[17]

This part details most CO₂ emissions for the year 2021 using Climate TRACE:[18]

Rank	Source	Emission (million tonnes)
1	Permian Oil and Gas Field, Texas,  United States	208.61
2	Urengoyskoye  Russia	152.0
3	North of Quebec,  Canada [18] logging operations[19]	126.77
4	Marcellus,  United States, oil and gas field	124.38
5	Bovanenkovskoye,  Russia, oil and gas field	122.69
6	South Pars,  Iran, oil and gas field	118.09
7	Zapolyarnoye,  Russia, oil and gas field	105.41
8	Permian New Mexico,  United States, oil and gas field	93.12

This section details production sites at single locations where the most pollution exists or existed in the recent past.

During March 2020, Secunda CTL, owned by Sasol, a synthetic fuel[20] and chemicals from coal [21] plant in Secunda, South Africa, was the producer of the single most emissions, at 56.5 million tonnes of CO₂ a year.[20] The Department of Forestry, Fisheries, and the Environment (DFFE) of the Government of South Africa determined Sasol has until 1 April 2025 to comply with the legal limits for emissions,[22][23] as described by the Air Quality Act 2004:Part 3; 12; Category 3.[24] Sasol's pledge to reduce it's emissions from the plant by 10% by 2030 was reported during November 2020,[25] during 2023 it was reported that this was amended to 30%.[26]

As of 2021 the gas-fired power plant which emits the most is the Taichung Power Station in Taiwan, with 34.19 million tonnes CO₂.[27][18]