Cabinet of the State of East Indonesia

The Cabinet of the State of East Indonesia served as the central government apparatus of the State of East Indonesia (Indonesian: Negara Indonesia Timur), headed by a prime minister who were appointed by the head of state. During the three-year lifetime of the state between 24 December 1946 and 27 December 1949, there were eight cabinets in total, headed by six different prime ministers.

Cabinet of East Indonesia
Cabinet overview
Formed13 January 1947
Dissolved16 August 1950
JurisdictionState of East Indonesia
HeadquartersMakassar
Employees16 ministerial posts (Second cabinet)
Cabinet executive
Key document

First Daeng Malewa cabinet (13 January 1947 – 2 June 1947)
Inauguration of the First Malewa Cabinet in Jakarta (1947). From left to right: Julius Tahija, Minister of Social Affairs; Tjia Kok Tjiang, Minister of Justice; Elias Dumais Dengah, Minister of Transportation and Public Works; Nadjamuddin Daeng Malewa, Prime Minister and Minister of Economy; Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung, Minister of Home Affairs; dr. Semuel Jusof Warouw, Minister of Health; Godlief Rudolf Pantouw, Minister of Information.

At the Denpasar Conference (18-24 December 1946) organized by Acting Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies Hubertus van Mook, the State of East Indonesia was established with Balinese noble Tjokorda Gde Raka Soekawati was elected head of state designated as president, and Nadjamuddin Daeng Malewa was appointed as prime minister-designate.[1] Following discussions between the two men in Jakarta, the cabinet was announced and inaugurated on 13 January 1947 with the composition as follows:[2]

Portfolio Holder Prior position
Prime Minister Nadjamuddin Daeng Malewa Trade Commissioner in Makassar
Economic Affairs
Home Affairs Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung Raja of Gianyar
Justice Tjia Kok Tjiang Head of Law Department of the Residents' Office in Makassar
Finance Mathijs Hamelink Agent of the Bank of Java in Makassar
Education Elvianus Katoppo Superintendent of Elementary Education in Manado
Information Godlief Rudolf Pantouw Businessman in Makassar
Health Semuel Jusof Warouw Public physician with the government health bureau in Manado
Public Works and Transportation Elias Dumais Dengah Chairman of the Minahasa Council in Manado
Social Affairs Julius Tahija Military officer, adjutant to the commander of Dutch forces in Jakarta

As the provisional legislature had achieved very little in its first session, a number of its members proposed giving the cabinet unlimited powers to pass laws pending their later approval by the legislature. The cabinet would resign to allow the prime minister a free rein to make new appointments and form a cabinet with majority political support. Nadjamuddin Daeng Malewa held a series of meetings with political supporters and opponents in late May 1947 to decide on the composition of his revised cabinet.[3]

Second Daeng Malewa cabinet (2 June 1947 – 11 October 1947)
Nadjamuddin Daeng Malewa, first Prime Minister of East Indonesia.

The second cabinet, also headed by Nadjamuddin Daeng Malewa was announced on 31 May 1947. its composition was:[4]

Portfolio Holder
Prime Minister Nadjamuddin Daeng Malewa
Economy (Minister)
Deputy Prime Minister Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung
Home Affairs
Justice Christiaan Robbert Steven Soumokil
Finance Mathijs Hamelink
Economy (Vice Minister)
Finance (Vice Minister) Rudolf Julianus 'Dolf' Matekohy/Metekohy
Education Elvianus Katoppo
Information Julius Tahija
Transportation and Public Works Antonius Maximilian Semawi
Health Semuel Jusof Warouw
Social Affairs Godlief Rudolf Pantouw
Minister of State (Islamic affairs) Achmad Sjehan Bachmid
Minister of State (Citizenship affairs) Robert Cornelis Claproth
Minister of State (Judiciary affairs) Tjia Kok Tjiang

In December 1947, Prime Minister Nadjamuddin Daeng Malewa was charged with corruption while he and president Soekawati were on an overseas visit, ending his term of office and his second cabinet.[5]

Warouw cabinet (11 October 1947 – 15 December 1947)
dr. Semuel Jusof Warouw, second Prime Minister of East Indonesia.

The Warouw Cabinet was formed on 10 October 1947 and sworn in the following day. Its composition was:[6]

Portfolio Holder
Prime Minister Semuel Jusof Warouw
Health
Deputy Prime Minister Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung
Home Affairs
Justice Christiaan Robbert Steven Soumokil
Finance Mathijs Hamelink (Minister)
Rudolf Julianus 'Dolf' Matekohy/Metekohy (Vice Minister)
Transportation and Public Works Antonius Maximilian Semawi
Education Elvianus Katoppo
Information Sonda Daeng Mattajang
Economy Julius Tahija (Minister)
Hoesain Poeang Limboro (Vice Minister)
Social Affairs Abdoellah Daeng Mappoedji (Minister)
Tan Tek Heng (Vice Minister)

The politically inexperienced Prime Minister Warouw and his cabinet was accused of being overly supportive of the Dutch military offensive launched against the areas controlled by the Republicans in July 1947 during Operation Product, and was brought down by the Provisional Representative Body.[7]

First Gde Agung cabinet (15 December 1947 – 12 January 1949)
Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung, third Prime Minister of East Indonesia.

The first Gde Agung cabinet was sworn in on 15 December 1947. Its composition was as follows:[8]

Portfolio Holder
Prime Minister Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung
Home Affairs Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung (Minister)
Sulaiman Binol (Vice Minister)
Justice Christiaan Robbert Steven Soumokil (Minister)
Robert Cornelis Claproth (Vice Minister)
Economy Hoesain Poeang Limboro (Minister)
Tan Tek Heng (Vice Minister)
Finance Mathijs Hamelink (Minister)
Rudolf Julianus 'Dolf' Matekohy/Metekohy (Vice Minister)
Education Elvianus Katoppo (Minister)
Jan Engelbert Tatengkeng (Vice Minister)
Health Semuel Jusof Warouw
Transportation and Public Works Patuan Doli Diapari
Social Affairs S.S. Palenkahoe (Minister)
Mohammad Sjafei (Vice Minister)
Information Andi Burhanuddin (Minister)
Izaak Huru Doko (Vice Minister)

This was the first cabinet to include supporters of the Indonesian Republic, and on 23 December 1947, it toned down the government's support for the July 1947 Dutch military action.[5] At midnight on 19 December 1948, the Dutch launched another military attack against the Republic of Indonesia, codenamed Operation Kraai, and the First Gde Agung cabinet resigned in protest.[9][10]

Second Gde Agung cabinet (12 January 1949 – 27 December 1949)

The second Gde Agung cabinet was formed and sworn in on 12 January 1949. Its composition was as follows:[11]

Portfolio Holder
Prime Minister Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung
Home Affairs
Justice Christiaan Robbert Steven Soumokil
Economy Tan Tek Heng (interim until 12 March 1949)
Abdul Rajab Daeng Massiki (from 12 March 1949)
Finance Mathijs Hamelink
Education Jan Engelbert Tatengkeng
Social Affairs Sulaiman Binol
Health Jan Willem Grootings
Public Works and Transportation Patuan Doli Diapari
Information Izaak Huru Doko
Minister of State (Budget Planning) Tan Tek Heng (from 12 March 1949)

Following the transfer of sovereignty from the Netherlands to the United States of Indonesia (RUSI) a result of the Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference, prime minister Gde Agung was appointed foreign minister in the RUSI cabinet, and submitted his resignation as prime minister of East Indonesia.[12][13]

Tatengkeng cabinet (27 December 1949 – 14 March 1950)
Jan Engelbert Tatengkeng, fourth Prime Minister of East Indonesia.

The Tatengkeng cabinet was sworn in on 27 December 1949. Its composition was as follows:[14]

Portfolio Holder
Prime Minister Jan Engelbert Tatengkeng
Education
Home Affairs Iskandar Muhammad Jabir Syah of Ternate
Finance Tan Tek Heng
Economy Abdul Rajab Daeng Massiki
Information Izaak Huru Doko
Social Affairs Sulaiman Binol
Health (interim)
Public Works Patuan Doli Diapari
Justice Christiaan Robbert Steven Soumokil

Following elections, the provisional legislature was disbanded on 20 February 1950, and the cabinet also resigned. The following day, the elected representatives took their seats, while the Justice minister Chris Soumokil subsequently fled to Ambon and proclaimed the establishment of the Republic of South Maluku (RMS).[15][16]

Diapari cabinet (14 March 1950 – 10 May 1950)
Patuan Doli Diapari, fifth Prime Minister of East Indonesia.

The Diapari cabinet was sworn in on 14 March 1950 in the middle of the RMS Crisis. Its composition was as follows:[17]

Portfolio Holder
Prime Minister Patuan Doli Diapari
Public Works and Transportation
Finance Tan Tek Heng
Home Affairs Abdul Rajab Daeng Massiki
Justice Robert Cornelis Claproth
Economy Achmad Ponsen Daeng Posanre
Education Izaak Huru Doko
Social Affairs and Health Daniel P. Tahitoe
Information Willem Jozias Ratulangi

Since the elected parliament convened, it had been sharply divided between federalists, who supported the government of East Indonesia and the concept of the federal United States of Indonesia, and the opposition unitarians, who wanted a return to a unitary Indonesian republic.[18] The two main federalist factions repeatedly called for the government to dismantle the State of East Indonesia, and subsequently one of the factions supporting the government called for the cabinet to resign and be replaced by one that was more broadly representative of the legislature.[19] The motion was passed on 25 April, and the cabinet resigned.[20][21] They remained in office as caretaker government until a new government could be formed.

On 2 May 1950, Prime Minister Diapari and several members of the cabinet, as well as some members of the Provisional Representative Body, were arrested and charged with conspiracy for being involved with Makassar Uprising involving Capt. Andi Aziz.[22] None of them were charged any further and released from detention, as their involvement could not be proven.[23]

Putuhena cabinet (10 May 1950 – 16 August 1950)
Martinus Putuhena, sixth and final Prime Minister of East Indonesia.

The pro-republican Putuhena (or Poetoehena in older spelling) cabinet was tasked with making preparations for the integration of East Indonesia into a unitary Republic of Indonesia. Unlike previous prime ministers who were politicians of within East Indonesia, Martinus Putuhena was an Ambon-born federal official who were later posted in Makassar, serving as the civilian chair of the Territorial Military Commission. He was asked by president Soekawati to form a government after prime minister-designate Eliza Urbanus Pupella failed to form a government, all while the Diapari caretaker government were brought to halt.[24]

Its composition was as follows:[1][24]

Portfolio Holder
Prime Minister Martinus Putuhena
Transportation
Welfare
Home Affairs Lanto Daeng Pasewang
Justice I Gusti Ketut Pudja
Social Affairs Andi Burhanuddin
Information Henk Rondonoewoe
Education Freddy Jaques Ingkiriwang
Health
Finance Abdoel Razak

On 19 May 1950, following negotiations between the United States of Indonesia (representing the State of East Indonesia and the State of East Sumatra) and the Republic of Indonesia, an agreement was reached to establish a unitary Indonesian state.[25][26] This state was formed on 15 August 1950, and given that this meant the State of East Indonesia no longer existed, Putuhena and his cabinet resigned on 16 August.[27]

See also

Notes
  1. Kahin 1952, p. 364.
  2. Agung 1996, pp. 143–144.
  3. Agung 1996, pp. 242–245.
  4. Agung 1996, pp. 245–248.
  5. Reid 1974, p. 218.
  6. Agung 1996, p. 310.
  7. Agung 1996, p. 332.
  8. Agung 1996, p. 355.
  9. Agung 1996, p. 445.
  10. Ricklefs 2001, p. 371.
  11. Agung 1996, p. 481.
  12. Simanjuntak 2003, pp. 91–93.
  13. Agung 1996, p. 706.
  14. Agung 1996, p. 707.
  15. Agung 1996, pp. 722–724.
  16. Kahin 1952, p. 458.
  17. Agung 1996, pp. 727–728.
  18. Agung 1996, p. 725.
  19. Agung 1996, pp. 764–7265.
  20. Agung 1996, p. 771.
  21. Kahin 1952, p. 467.
  22. Agung 1996, p. 772.
  23. Agung 1996, p. 774.
  24. Agung 1996, pp. 773–774.
  25. Agung 1996, pp. 786–787.
  26. Kahin 1952, pp. 460–461.
  27. Agung 1996, p. 7937.

References
  • Agung, Ide Anak Agung Gde (1996) [1995]. From the Formation of the State of East Indonesia Towards the Establishment of the United States of Indonesia. Translated by Owens, Linda. Yayasan Obor. ISBN 979-461-216-2.
  • Kahin, George McTurnan (1952), Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia, Cornell University Press
  • Reid, Anthony J.S (1974), The Indonesian National Revolution, 1945 1950, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia: Longman, ISBN 0-582-71047-2
  • Ricklefs, M.C. (2001) [1981]. A History of Modern Indonesia Since c.1300 (3rd ed.). Palgrave. ISBN 978-0-230-54685-1.
  • Simanjuntak, P. N. H. (2003). Kabinet-Kabinet Republik Indonesia: Dari Awal Kemerdekaan Sampai Reformasi [Cabinets of the Republic of Indonesia: From the Beginning of Independence to the Reform Era] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Djambatan. ISBN 979-428-499-8.
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